Kim Daniel C, Horan Richard
Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Allergy Asthma Proc. 2003 May-Jun;24(3):175-8.
Anaphylaxis associated with insect stings has been reported to cause approximately 40 deaths per year in the United States. Immunotherapy with venom extracts is a well-established method of treatment of allergy to insect stings. The duration of therapy is based mainly on the initial symptoms and the presence or absence of systemic symptoms during therapy. Evaluation of immunoglobulin E and immunoglobulin G levels as well as repeat skin tests and sting challenges may also provide some additional benefit but are not as useful as the former two criteria. Patients with mastocytosis have a particularly increased risk for anaphylaxis after insect stings. There are many case reports of individuals first diagnosed with mastocytosis after an episode of anaphylaxis after an insect sting, in addition these patients tend to have more severe reactions as well as repeated episodes of systemic reactions during immunotherapy. Early diagnosis of mastocytosis and proper treatment can contribute greatly to the outcome in patients who present with venom allergy.
据报道，在美国，与昆虫叮咬相关的过敏反应每年导致约40人死亡。用毒液提取物进行免疫疗法是治疗昆虫叮咬过敏的一种成熟方法。治疗持续时间主要基于初始症状以及治疗期间是否存在全身症状。评估免疫球蛋白E和免疫球蛋白G水平以及重复皮肤试验和叮咬激发试验可能也会带来一些额外益处，但不如前两个标准有用。肥大细胞增多症患者在昆虫叮咬后发生过敏反应的风险尤其增加。有许多病例报告显示，有些人在昆虫叮咬后发生过敏反应发作后首次被诊断为肥大细胞增多症，此外，这些患者在免疫疗法期间往往会出现更严重的反应以及全身性反应的反复发作。早期诊断肥大细胞增多症并进行适当治疗，对于出现毒液过敏的患者的治疗结果有很大帮助。
