Aldhahi Waleed, Hamdy Osama
Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Curr Diab Rep. 2003 Aug;3(4):293-8. doi: 10.1007/s11892-003-0020-2.
Cytokines are biologically active low molecular weight proteins that possess several endocrine and metabolic functions and are known products of the immune system and inflammation. Several of these cytokines were shown to be independent risk factors for cerebrovascular and coronary artery disease. Because visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues are the major sources of cytokines (adipokines), increased adipose tissue mass is associated with alteration in adipokine production (eg, overexpression of tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin-6, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and underexpression of adiponectin in adipose tissue). The proinflammatory status associated with these changes provides a potential link between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction, the early stage in the atherosclerotic process, in obese individuals, and in type 2 diabetic patients. Reduction of adipose tissue mass through weight reduction in association with exercise reduces TNF-a, IL-6, and PAI-1, increases adiponectin, and is associated with improved insulin sensitivity and endothelial function.
细胞因子是具有多种内分泌和代谢功能的生物活性低分子量蛋白质，是免疫系统和炎症反应的已知产物。其中几种细胞因子已被证明是脑血管疾病和冠状动脉疾病的独立危险因素。由于内脏脂肪组织和皮下脂肪组织是细胞因子（脂肪因子）的主要来源，脂肪组织量增加与脂肪因子产生的改变有关（例如，脂肪组织中肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-6、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1的过度表达以及脂联素的表达不足）。与这些变化相关的促炎状态在肥胖个体和2型糖尿病患者中为胰岛素抵抗与内皮功能障碍（动脉粥样硬化过程的早期阶段）之间提供了潜在联系。通过减重并结合运动来减少脂肪组织量可降低肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-6和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1，增加脂联素，并与胰岛素敏感性和内皮功能的改善相关。
