Kesharwani Devesh, Brown Aaron C
Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA.
School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, The University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA.
J Cell Signal. 2024;5(2):65-86. doi: 10.33696/signaling.5.114.
Support for stem cell self-renewal and differentiation hinges upon the intricate microenvironment termed the stem cell 'niche'. Within the adipose tissue stem cell niche, diverse cell types, such as endothelial cells, immune cells, mural cells, and adipocytes, intricately regulate the function of adipocyte precursors. These interactions, whether direct or indirect, play a pivotal role in governing the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of adipocyte precursors into adipocytes. The mechanisms orchestrating the maintenance and coordination of this niche are still in the early stages of comprehension, despite their crucial role in regulating adipose tissue homeostasis. The complexity of understanding adipocyte precursor renewal and differentiation is amplified due to the challenges posed by the absence of suitable surface receptors for identification, limitations in creating optimal culture conditions for expansion and constraints in conducting studies. This review delves into the current landscape of knowledge surrounding adipocyte precursors within the adipose stem cell niche. We will review the identification of adipocyte precursors, the cell-cell interactions they engage in, the factors influencing their renewal and commitment toward adipocytes and the transformations they undergo during instances of obesity.
干细胞自我更新和分化的支持取决于被称为干细胞“生态位”的复杂微环境。在脂肪组织干细胞生态位内，多种细胞类型，如内皮细胞、免疫细胞、壁细胞和脂肪细胞，错综复杂地调节脂肪细胞前体的功能。这些相互作用，无论是直接的还是间接的，在控制脂肪细胞前体自我更新和分化为脂肪细胞之间的平衡中起着关键作用。尽管其在调节脂肪组织稳态中起着至关重要的作用，但协调该生态位维持和协调的机制仍处于理解的早期阶段。由于缺乏用于识别的合适表面受体所带来的挑战、创建用于扩增的最佳培养条件的限制以及进行研究的约束，理解脂肪细胞前体更新和分化的复杂性被放大。本综述深入探讨了围绕脂肪干细胞生态位内脂肪细胞前体的当前知识状况。我们将回顾脂肪细胞前体的鉴定、它们参与的细胞间相互作用、影响它们更新和向脂肪细胞定向分化的因素以及它们在肥胖情况下所经历的转变。
