Rayat Gina R, Gill Ronald G
Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 4200 East 9th Avenue, Box B-140, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
Curr Diab Rep. 2003 Aug;3(4):336-43. doi: 10.1007/s11892-003-0027-8.
Dramatic clinical advances indicate that pancreatic islet transplants can reliably restore euglycemia in insulin-dependent patients. However, clinical success actually highlights the pronounced deficiency of allogeneic pancreata available for islet isolation. This pressing issue has revitalized ongoing efforts to develop surrogate donor sources. Xenogeneic donors form a potential alternative tissue source because they can be generated in large numbers and are amenable to genetic engineering. However, there is less understanding of the innate and adaptive immune barriers to islet xenografts relative to those encountered by allografts. Presented evidence indicates that both innate and antigen-specific adaptive immune responses significantly contribute to islet xenograft rejection. Recent evidence suggests that the capacity to induce tolerance to islet xenografts may not differ markedly from strategies used to induce allograft tolerance.
显著的临床进展表明，胰岛移植能够可靠地使胰岛素依赖型患者恢复正常血糖水平。然而，临床成功实际上凸显了可用于胰岛分离的同种异体胰腺的明显不足。这个紧迫的问题重新激发了人们开发替代供体来源的持续努力。异种供体形成了一种潜在的替代组织来源，因为它们可以大量产生并且适合进行基因工程改造。然而，相对于同种异体移植所面临的免疫障碍，人们对胰岛异种移植的固有和适应性免疫障碍了解较少。现有证据表明，固有免疫反应和抗原特异性适应性免疫反应都对胰岛异种移植排斥有显著影响。最近的证据表明，诱导对胰岛异种移植的耐受性的能力可能与用于诱导同种异体移植耐受性的策略没有显著差异。
