Oberauer Klaus, Wendland Mirko, Kliegl Reinhold
Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
Mem Cognit. 2003 Jun;31(4):563-9. doi: 10.3758/bf03196097.
Twenty-four young (23 years) and 24 old (71 years) adults performed arithmetic tasks with working memory loads ranging from 1 to 4. Age groups were equivalent in mean accuracy and speed of arithmetic operations under minimal working memory load, but old adults were slower than young with memory demands >1. Access to a new object in working memory as the basis of computation required additional time. This object-switching cost increased with increases in memory demand, but was unaffected by age, indicating that old adults have no deficit in selective access to working memory.
24名年轻人（23岁）和24名老年人（71岁）进行了工作记忆负荷从1到4的算术任务。在最小工作记忆负荷下，两个年龄组在算术运算的平均准确性和速度方面相当，但当记忆需求大于1时，老年人比年轻人速度慢。在工作记忆中获取一个新对象作为计算基础需要额外的时间。这种对象切换成本随着记忆需求的增加而增加，但不受年龄影响，这表明老年人在选择性访问工作记忆方面没有缺陷。
