Slusarska Barbara
Independent Laboratory for Nursing Skills, Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin.
Ann Univ Mariae Curie Sklodowska Med. 2002;57(1):513-21.
Caring manifested by the concern of a nurse, attention and carefulness of activities with respect to a human being in need is the essence of nursing care, while caring actions constitute the most independent scope of nurses' activities. The aim of the study was to determine whether the nurses in their everyday occupational practice understand the core of caring actions and perceive the conditioning of their realisation. The study covered 130 nurses employed in inpatient health facilities. The survey was conducted by means of a questionnaire form containing variously constructed questions. The results of the study showed that nurses undertook caring actions 'willingly' more often than 'very willingly', the percentage of respondents undertaking caring actions in category 'very willingly' increasing with the duration of employment. Over 86% of nurses in the study independently undertook caring actions, as soon as they recognized patients' demand; however, only 7% of respondents admitted that caring actions determine the distinct character of the nursing profession. According to the greatest number of respondents the following factors determined the quality of caring services: organization of work in the ward, provision of material and means for nursing, personality-related factors, incentives for work, and supervisor's requirements. Nurses applying the method of individual work with a patient undertook caring actions more often than those working by the method of traditional nursing.
护士的关心、对有需要的人的关注以及活动中的细心所体现出的关怀是护理的本质，而关怀行为构成了护士活动中最独立的范畴。本研究的目的是确定护士在日常职业实践中是否理解关怀行为的核心，并认识到其实施的条件。该研究涵盖了130名受雇于住院医疗机构的护士。调查通过一份包含各种不同结构问题的问卷进行。研究结果表明，护士“愿意”进行关怀行为的频率高于“非常愿意”，处于“非常愿意”类别中进行关怀行为的受访者比例随着工作年限的增加而上升。研究中超过86%的护士一旦认识到患者的需求就会独立采取关怀行为；然而，只有7%的受访者承认关怀行为决定了护理职业的独特性质。根据大多数受访者的说法，以下因素决定了关怀服务的质量：病房的工作组织、护理物资和手段的提供、与个性相关的因素、工作激励以及上级的要求。采用针对患者的个体工作方法的护士比采用传统护理方法工作的护士更频繁地采取关怀行为。
