Nonrandom X chromosome inactivation in mouse embryos carrying Searle's T(X;16)16H translocation visualized using X-linked LACZ and GFP transgenes.

Only the morphologically normal X chromosome is inactivated in female mice heterozygous for Searle's X-autosome translocation, T(X;16)16H. Here we performed a visual study of the primary and secondary events that culminate in the completely nonrandom inactivation of the X in female embryos having this translocation. The data we have obtained so far indicate that the initial choice of the future inactive X chromosome is biased, with the degree of skewing somewhere between 70:30% and 90:10% in favor of the morphologically normal X chromosome. The majority of genetically unbalanced cells that inactivate a translocated X chromosome are quickly eliminated from the embryo proper by E8.5, although the survival of such cells is sporadically observed thereafter. The initial nonrandom choice demonstrated in this study supports the contention that the T(X;16)16H translocation disrupts one of the loci involved in the randomness of the choice of the future inactive X chromosome. Although the HMG-LACZ transgene in H253 stock mice is an excellent marker of X chromosome inactivation, the present study suggests that it is infrequently de-repressed on the inactive X chromosome.