Naunheim Rosanne S, Bayly Philip V, Standeven John, Neubauer Jeremy S, Lewis Larry M, Genin Guy M
Division of Emergency Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63130, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003 Aug;35(8):1406-12. doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000078933.84527.AE.
Cognitive deficits observed in professional soccer players may be related to heading of a soccer ball. To assess the severity of a single instance of heading a soccer ball, this study experimentally and theoretically evaluated the linear and angular accelerations experienced by the human head during a frontal heading maneuver.
Accelerations were measured using a set of three triaxial accelerometers mounted to the head of each of four adult male subjects. These measurements (nine signals) were used to estimate the linear acceleration of the mass center and the angular acceleration of the head. Results were obtained for ball speeds of 9 and 12 m.s(-1) (approximately 20 and 26 mph). A simple mathematical model was derived for comparison.
At 9 m.s(-1), peak linear acceleration of the head was 158 +/- 19 m.s(-2) (mean +/- standard deviation) and peak angular acceleration was 1302 +/- 324 rad.s(-2); at 12 m.s(-1), the values were 199 +/- 27 m.s-2 and 1457 +/- 297 rad.s-2, respectively. The initial acceleration pulses lasted approximately 25 ms. Measured head accelerations confirmed laboratory headform measurements reported in the literature and fell within the ranges predicted by the theoretical model.
Linear and angular acceleration levels for a single heading maneuver were well below those thought to be associated with traumatic brain injury, as were computed values of the Gadd Severity Index and the Head Injury Criterion. However, the effect of repeated acceleration at this relatively low level is unknown.
在职业足球运动员中观察到的认知缺陷可能与头球有关。为了评估单次头球动作的严重程度，本研究通过实验和理论方法评估了人体头部在正面头球动作中所经历的线性加速度和角加速度。
使用一组三个三轴加速度计测量四名成年男性受试者头部的加速度。这些测量值（九个信号）用于估计头部质心的线性加速度和头部的角加速度。针对9米/秒和12米/秒（约20英里/小时和26英里/小时）的球速获得了结果。推导了一个简单的数学模型用于比较。
在9米/秒时，头部的峰值线性加速度为158±19米/秒²（平均值±标准差），峰值角加速度为1302±324弧度/秒²；在12米/秒时，相应的值分别为199±27米/秒²和1457±297弧度/秒²。初始加速度脉冲持续约25毫秒。测量的头部加速度证实了文献中报道的实验室头模测量结果，并且落在理论模型预测的范围内。
单次头球动作的线性和角加速度水平远低于被认为与创伤性脑损伤相关的水平，Gadd严重指数和头部损伤标准的计算值也是如此。然而，在这个相对较低水平下重复加速度的影响尚不清楚。
