Wang Jun, Xing Zhou
Health Science Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2002 Oct;1(3):341-54. doi: 10.1586/14760584.1.3.341.
Tuberculosis still remains a leading infectious cause of death worldwide, although the BCG vaccine has been used for 80 years. There is an urgent need to develop improved BCG or new tuberculosis vaccines. This apparently represents a daunting task, since it will take a long time before a vaccine can be declared to be better than the current BCG vaccine, both in experimental and human studies. The current review takes a brief historic look at the use of current BCG vaccine and provides an overview on what are considered to be the key immunologic criteria that have to be met by a new generation of tuberculosis vaccines. It also provides the most up-to-date information on the latest developments in tuberculosis vaccine research, with a focus on mycobacterial organism-based and Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen-based vaccines. Consideration is also given to the mucosal route of immunization and 'prime and boost' regimens. This review also presents several important tables, highlighting critical components of antituberculosis immunity, the most commonly tested immune adjuvants, the types of novel tuberculosis antigen-based vaccines and the outcome of different heterologous 'prime and boost' vaccination regimens.
尽管卡介苗已使用了80年，但结核病仍然是全球主要的感染性死亡原因。迫切需要研发改进型卡介苗或新型结核病疫苗。这显然是一项艰巨的任务，因为无论是在实验研究还是人体研究中，要宣称一种疫苗比目前的卡介苗更好都需要很长时间。本综述简要回顾了当前卡介苗的使用历史，并概述了新一代结核病疫苗必须满足的关键免疫学标准。它还提供了结核病疫苗研究最新进展的最新信息，重点是基于分枝杆菌生物体和基于结核分枝杆菌抗原的疫苗。还考虑了黏膜免疫途径和“初免-加强”方案。本综述还列出了几个重要表格，突出了抗结核免疫的关键组成部分、最常用的免疫佐剂、新型基于结核抗原的疫苗类型以及不同异源“初免-加强”疫苗接种方案的结果。
