Sakurai Takeo
National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
Environ Sci Technol. 2003 Jul 15;37(14):3133-40. doi: 10.1021/es0264403.
Major sources of dioxins (tetra- to octa-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans) were quantitatively identified, and the contributions of each source were estimated in aquatic surface sediment and soil in the Kanto region of Japan, where a major part of the municipal, industrial, and agricultural activities in Japan take place. Detailed chromatographic peak-specific data corresponding to all dioxin compounds were used throughout the analysis to achieve source specificity. Four major sources were identified by using principal component analysis. Three of them were combustion processes, impurities in pentachlorophenol, and impurities in the diphenyl ether herbicide CNP. One, characterized by polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins with 1,2,6,9-chlorine substitution, remained unattributed to any known source or transformation process. The composition of the unattributed source resembled those reported in sediment samples free from anthropogenic impacts. Contributions from the four major sources were estimated by using a mass balance receptor model, and the source contributions to each homologue varied among samples. Tokyo Bay sediment was characterized by the highest relative contribution from pentachlorophenol impurities in the region. The unattributed source contribution was most prominent in the Lake Kasumigaura sediment. The results indicated considerable contributions in aquatic surface sediment in the studied region from dioxin impurities in herbicides used in the past.
在日本关东地区的水体表层沉积物和土壤中，对二噁英（四至八氯代二苯并 - p - 二噁英和二苯并呋喃）的主要来源进行了定量识别，并估算了各来源的贡献。日本的主要市政、工业和农业活动大多发生在该地区。在整个分析过程中，使用了与所有二噁英化合物相对应的详细色谱峰特异性数据，以实现来源特异性。通过主成分分析确定了四个主要来源。其中三个是燃烧过程、五氯苯酚中的杂质以及二苯醚除草剂CNP中的杂质。其中一个以具有1,2,6,9 - 氯取代的多氯代二苯并 - p - 二噁英为特征，仍无法归因于任何已知来源或转化过程。未归因来源的组成与无人为影响的沉积物样本中报告的组成相似。通过质量平衡受体模型估算了四个主要来源的贡献，各同系物的来源贡献在不同样本中有所不同。东京湾沉积物的特征是该地区五氯苯酚杂质的相对贡献最高。未归因来源的贡献在霞浦湖沉积物中最为突出。结果表明，过去使用的除草剂中的二噁英杂质对研究区域的水体表层沉积物有相当大的贡献。
