Acoustic and electrical pattern analysis of consonant perceptual cues used by cochlear implant users.

It is hypothesized that for postlingually deafened adult cochlear implant (CI) users, a significant source of their perceptual performance variability is attributable to differences in their ability to discriminate the basic perceptual cues that are important in speech recognition. Previous research on 'electric hearing' has identified consistent perceptual cues for vowel recognition. However, the results on consonant perception by CI users are less clear. The primary purpose of this study is to present a quantitative method of evaluating potential 'electric cues' used by CI users in consonant identification. Since the actual input signals to the auditory periphery of CI users are electric in nature, we elected to measure the CI electric discharge patterns in addition to the original acoustic waveforms. The characteristics of the electric discharge patterns in response to intervocalic consonants were quantified and correlated with the dimensions of CI patients' perceptual spaces, which were computed from multidimensional scaling analyses of their consonant confusion matrices. The results agree with most, but not all, commonly accepted acoustic cues used by normal-hearing listeners. The correlation findings also suggest that CI users employ different sets of 'electric cues' in perceiving consonants that differ in their manner of articulation. Specifically, spectral and temporal cues associated with slowly changing formant structures and transitions, and features associated with frication and high-frequency noise, are all highly correlated with the perceptual dimensions of all CI users. However, rapidly changing formant transitions, such as those present in stop consonants, did not appear to play a significant role in consonant recognition by more poorly performing CI subjects. The perceptual results were consistent with our physical findings that the SPEAK coding strategy partially degraded the rapidly changing formant transitions.