Paganetti H, Gottschalk B
Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114-2696, USA.
Med Phys. 2003 Jul;30(7):1926-31. doi: 10.1118/1.1586454.
Monte Carlo simulations are used for many problems in proton radiation therapy, some of which are sensitive to the nuclear interaction model. The available models have been little tested in the regime of interest, namely in their ability to predict the secondary particle yield, including their angle and energy, when 70-250 MeV protons stop in various materials. The present study provides one such test in carbon, complementing a previous one in copper. Using a multilayer Faraday cup we have measured the projected range distribution of charged nuclear secondaries from 160 MeV protons stopping in polyethylene (CH2). To test the popular GEANT Monte Carlo we have simulated the experiment with GEANT3 using the "Gheisha" (default) and "Fluka" models and with GEANT4.5 using the "low-energy" and "precompound" models. The GEANT3/Fluka and GEANT4/precompound simulations agree moderately well with the observed range distribution. The data are given in a convenient form for testing other Monte Carlo programs.
蒙特卡罗模拟被用于质子放射治疗中的许多问题，其中一些问题对核相互作用模型很敏感。现有的模型在感兴趣的区域几乎没有经过测试，即在70 - 250兆电子伏特的质子在各种材料中停止时，它们预测次级粒子产额（包括其角度和能量）的能力。本研究在碳中提供了这样一种测试，补充了之前在铜中的测试。使用多层法拉第杯，我们测量了160兆电子伏特质子在聚乙烯（CH₂）中停止时带电核次级粒子的投影射程分布。为了测试常用的GEANT蒙特卡罗程序，我们使用GEANT3，采用“Gheisha”（默认）和“Fluka”模型，以及使用GEANT4.5，采用“低能”和“预复合”模型对实验进行了模拟。GEANT3/Fluka和GEANT4/预复合模拟与观察到的射程分布适度吻合。数据以方便的形式给出，用于测试其他蒙特卡罗程序。
