Lester Patrick A, Gaynor James S, Hellyer Peter W, Mama Khursheed, Wagner Ann E
Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, 018 Animal Research Facility, University of Michigan, 1301 E. Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0614, USA.
Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci. 2003 Jul;42(4):27-31.
We compared the degree of sedation and frequency and intensity of adverse behaviors in dogs associated with nalbuphine when combined with acepromazine or xylazine compared with those of acepromazine or xylazine alone. Twenty-four dogs (13 female, 11 male) undergoing routine ovariohysterectomy or castration were randomly assigned to one of four groups. Group NX received 0.5 mg/kg nalbuphine and 0.5 mg/kg xylazine subcutaneously (s.c.). Group X received 0.5 mg/kg xylazine s.c. Group NA received 0.5 mg/kg nalbuphine and 0.05 mg/kg acepromazine s.c. Group A received 0.05 mg/kg acepromazine s.c. All dogs received 0.01 mg/kg glycopyrrolate s.c. All doses were administered preoperatively. Preoperative resting measurements of heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and body weight were obtained. Sedation was scored both inside and outside a kennel prior to drug administration and at 10, 20, and 30 min after drug administration. Dogs were assessed for behavioral responses (leg withdrawal, shivering, rigidity, orienting, panting, struggling, vocalization, wide-eyed facial expression, breath holding, salivating, hiding, biting, or requiring a muzzle) during three time periods: placing the dog on the table, clipping and prepping of forelimb, and intravenous catheterization. Postoperative recovery behaviors were scored. Expired halothane concentrations were recorded at 15, 30, and 45 min postinduction. Significant differences occurred in the level of sedation at 30 min between dogs receiving nalbuphine and xylazine or xylazine only compared with dogs receiving acepromazine. There was a significant difference in behavioral scores with respect to leg withdrawal and orienting during clipping/prepping between dogs receiving nalbuphine and xylazine compared with dogs receiving xylazine. The combination of nalbuphine and xylazine is a useful premedicant which provided greater sedation than acepromazine and reduced some anxiety behaviors more than did xylazine alone. Nalbuphine is an inexpensive opioid and currently is not a controlled substance in the U.S.
我们比较了纳布啡与乙酰丙嗪或赛拉嗪联合使用时，犬的镇静程度、不良行为的频率和强度，以及单独使用乙酰丙嗪或赛拉嗪时的情况。24只接受常规卵巢子宫切除术或去势手术的犬（13只雌性，11只雄性）被随机分为四组。NX组皮下注射0.5mg/kg纳布啡和0.5mg/kg赛拉嗪。X组皮下注射0.5mg/kg赛拉嗪。NA组皮下注射0.5mg/kg纳布啡和0.05mg/kg乙酰丙嗪。A组皮下注射0.05mg/kg乙酰丙嗪。所有犬均皮下注射0.01mg/kg格隆溴铵。所有剂量均在术前给予。术前测量静息心率、呼吸频率、直肠温度和体重。在给药前以及给药后10、20和30分钟，在犬舍内外对镇静程度进行评分。在三个时间段评估犬的行为反应（腿部退缩、颤抖、僵硬、定向、喘气、挣扎、发声、睁大眼睛的面部表情、屏气、流涎、躲藏、咬或需要戴口套）：将犬放在手术台上、修剪和准备前肢以及静脉置管。对术后恢复行为进行评分。记录诱导后15、30和45分钟时呼出的氟烷浓度。与接受乙酰丙嗪的犬相比，接受纳布啡和赛拉嗪或仅接受赛拉嗪的犬在30分钟时的镇静水平存在显著差异。与接受赛拉嗪的犬相比，接受纳布啡和赛拉嗪的犬在修剪/准备过程中腿部退缩和定向的行为评分存在显著差异。纳布啡和赛拉嗪的组合是一种有用的术前用药，其镇静作用比乙酰丙嗪更强，并且比单独使用赛拉嗪更能减少一些焦虑行为。纳布啡是一种廉价的阿片类药物，目前在美国不属于管制物质。
