Svátek Vojtech, Růzicka Marek
European Centre for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Cardio University of Economics, Prague, W. Churchill Sq. 4, 130 67 Praha 3, Czech Republic.
Int J Med Inform. 2003 Jul;70(2-3):329-35. doi: 10.1016/s1386-5056(03)00041-8.
Approaches to formalization of medical guidelines can be divided into model-centric and document-centric. While model-centric approaches dominate in the development of clinical decision support applications, document-centric, mark-up-based formalization is suitable for application tasks requiring the 'literal' content of the document to be transferred into the formal model. Examples of such tasks are logical verification of the document or compliance analysis of health records. The quality and efficiency of document-centric formalization can be improved using a decomposition of the whole process into several explicit steps. We present a methodology and software tool supporting the step-by-step formalization process. The knowledge elements can be marked up in the source text, refined to a tree structure with increasing level of detail, rearranged into an XML knowledge base, and, finally, exported into the operational representation. User-definable transformation rules enable to automate a large part of the process. The approach is being tested in the domain of cardiology. For parts of the WHO/ISH Guidelines for Hypertension, the process has been carried out through all the stages, to the form of executable application, generated automatically from the XML knowledge base.
医学指南形式化的方法可分为以模型为中心和以文档为中心两种。虽然以模型为中心的方法在临床决策支持应用的开发中占主导地位，但以文档为中心的基于标记的形式化适用于需要将文档的“文字”内容转换为形式化模型的应用任务。此类任务的示例包括文档的逻辑验证或健康记录的合规性分析。通过将整个过程分解为几个明确的步骤，可以提高以文档为中心的形式化的质量和效率。我们提出了一种支持逐步形式化过程的方法和软件工具。知识元素可以在源文本中进行标记，细化为细节程度不断增加的树状结构，重新排列到XML知识库中，最后导出为操作表示形式。用户可定义的转换规则能够使该过程的很大一部分自动化。该方法正在心脏病学领域进行测试。对于世界卫生组织/国际高血压学会高血压指南的部分内容，该过程已完成所有阶段，生成了从XML知识库自动生成的可执行应用程序形式。
