Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité Dorothée G A, Hirsch Edouard
Neurological Department, Medical Center Alkmaar, Netherlands.
Epileptic Disord. 2003 May;5 Suppl 1:S39-44.
Levetiracetam is a novel antiepileptic drug (AED) with proven efficacy against partial seizures, but there is limited information about its effectiveness against generalized seizures. In animal models, levetiracetam protects against seizures in audiogenic susceptible rodents, and it is effective in the Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rat from Strasbourg, a model of absence seizures. In these models, levetiracetam has a therapeutic index that is higher than those of other AEDs. A number of small open-label studies suggest that levetiracetam reduces seizure frequency in patients with generalized seizures, including primarily generalized seizures and myoclonic seizures. Case reports provide additional information regarding the potential efficacy of levetiracetam in postanoxic, post-encephalitic and progressive myoclonus. Although random-ized controlled studies of patients with generalized seizures have not yet been conducted, on the basis of available information, levetiracetam may be prom-ising in the treatment of generalized seizures.
左乙拉西坦是一种新型抗癫痫药物（AED），已证实对部分性癫痫发作有效，但关于其对全身性癫痫发作有效性的信息有限。在动物模型中，左乙拉西坦可保护听源性易感啮齿动物免受癫痫发作，并且对斯特拉斯堡遗传性失神癫痫大鼠（一种失神发作模型）有效。在这些模型中，左乙拉西坦的治疗指数高于其他抗癫痫药物。一些小型开放标签研究表明，左乙拉西坦可降低全身性癫痫发作患者的癫痫发作频率，包括原发性全身性癫痫发作和肌阵挛性癫痫发作。病例报告提供了有关左乙拉西坦在缺氧后、脑炎后和进行性肌阵挛中潜在疗效的更多信息。虽然尚未对全身性癫痫发作患者进行随机对照研究，但根据现有信息，左乙拉西坦在全身性癫痫发作的治疗中可能很有前景。
