Prigent Claude, Dimitrov Stefan
Groupe Cycle Cellulaire, UMR 6061 Génétique et Développement, CNRS, 250 Université de Rennes I, IFR 97 Génomique Fonctionnelle et Santé, Faculté de Médecine, 2 avenue du Pr. Léon Bernard, CS 34317, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France.
J Cell Sci. 2003 Sep 15;116(Pt 18):3677-85. doi: 10.1242/jcs.00735.
Eukaryotic cells must possess mechanisms for condensing and decondensing chromatin. Chromatin condensation is particularly evident during mitosis and cell death induced by apoptosis, whereas chromatin decondensation is necessary for replication, repair, recombination and transcription. Histones are among the numerous DNA-binding proteins that control the level of DNA condensation, and post-translational modification of histone tails plays a critical role in the dynamic condensation/decondensation that occurs during the cell cycle. Phosphorylation of Ser10 in the tails of histone H3 has been extensively studied in many organisms. Interestingly, this modification is involved in both transcription and cell division, two events requiring opposite alterations in the degree of chromatin compaction. How does one and the same modification of histone H3 fulfil such roles? For instance, in interphase, phosphorylation of H3 correlates with chromatin relaxation and gene expression, whereas in mitosis it correlates with chromosome condensation. What is the kinase and under what circumstances does Ser10 becomes phosphorylated? Most importantly, what are the consequences of phosphorylation of this residue?
真核细胞必须具备使染色质凝聚和解聚的机制。染色质凝聚在有丝分裂和凋亡诱导的细胞死亡过程中尤为明显，而染色质解聚对于复制、修复、重组和转录是必需的。组蛋白是众多控制DNA凝聚水平的DNA结合蛋白之一，组蛋白尾部的翻译后修饰在细胞周期中发生的动态凝聚/解聚过程中起着关键作用。组蛋白H3尾部的Ser10磷酸化已在许多生物体中得到广泛研究。有趣的是，这种修饰参与转录和细胞分裂，而这两个过程需要染色质压缩程度的相反变化。组蛋白H3的同一修饰如何发挥这样的作用呢？例如，在间期，H3的磷酸化与染色质松弛和基因表达相关，而在有丝分裂中，它与染色体凝聚相关。激酶是什么，Ser10在什么情况下会被磷酸化？最重要的是，该残基磷酸化的后果是什么？
