Salzburger Walter, Brandstätter Anita, Gilles André, Parson Walther, Hempel Melanie, Sturmbauer Christian, Meyer Axel
Department of Biology, University Konstanz, Universitaetsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
Mol Ecol. 2003 Sep;12(9):2371-86. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01911.x.
The vairone Leuciscus souffia is a cyprinid fish that inhabits river systems in and around the Alps. The complete mitochondrial DNA control region (945 bp) was sequenced in 295 vairone from 22 populations in Central Europe. A total of 51 haplotypes were identified with a maximum pairwise distance between haplotypes of 5.6%. Phylogenetic analyses revealed two major clades in L. souffia, an 'Italian' clade, and an 'Alpine' clade. Two hybrid zones exist, in the Mediterranean Alps and in the Soca basin. The position of the sister species of L. souffia, L. turskyi, to the 'Alpine' and the 'Italian' clade could not be resolved unambiguously. However, a linearized tree analysis indicated that L. turskyi represents a third lineage, that originated at the same time as the 'Alpine' and the 'Italian' clades of L. souffia. In the 'Alpine' clade two groups were resolved, a subclade with haplotypes from the Rhône and Var basins and a cluster with haplotypes from the Danube and Rhine systems. Our data suggest a long history of the vairone in Central Europe, predating Pleistocene glacial cycles. Two main refugia during glaciations must have existed, one in Italy and another one most probably in the Danube system. However, age estimates based on molecular clock calibrations suggest the survival of 'Alpine' haplotypes in several drainages during the last glaciation cycles. The Rhine system was only recently colonized.
瓦罗尼雅雅罗鱼是一种鲤科鱼类，栖息于阿尔卑斯山及其周边的河流系统。对来自中欧22个种群的295条瓦罗尼雅雅罗鱼的完整线粒体DNA控制区（945 bp）进行了测序。共鉴定出51个单倍型，单倍型之间的最大成对距离为5.6%。系统发育分析揭示了雅罗鱼属中的两个主要分支，一个“意大利”分支和一个“阿尔卑斯”分支。存在两个杂交区，分别在地中海阿尔卑斯山和索卡河流域。雅罗鱼属的姐妹物种图尔斯基雅罗鱼与“阿尔卑斯”和“意大利”分支的关系未能明确解析。然而，线性化树分析表明，图尔斯基雅罗鱼代表第三个谱系，它与雅罗鱼属的“阿尔卑斯”和“意大利”分支起源于同一时期。在“阿尔卑斯”分支中解析出两个组，一个亚分支包含来自罗讷河和瓦尔河流域的单倍型，另一个聚类包含来自多瑙河和莱茵河系统的单倍型。我们的数据表明，瓦罗尼雅雅罗鱼在中欧有着悠久的历史，早于更新世冰川周期。在冰川期必定存在两个主要避难所，一个在意大利，另一个很可能在多瑙河系统。然而，基于分子钟校准的年龄估计表明，在上一个冰川周期中，“阿尔卑斯”单倍型在几个排水系统中得以存活。莱茵河系统是最近才被殖民的。
