Grabner Roland H, Stern Elsbeth, Neubauer Aljoscha C
Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2003 Aug;49(2):89-98. doi: 10.1016/s0167-8760(03)00095-3.
Several studies have revealed that persons with a lower IQ show more cortical activity when solving intelligence-related tasks than more intelligent persons do. Such results are interpreted in terms of neural efficiency: the more intelligent a person is, the fewer mental resources have to be activated. In an experiment with 31 experienced taxi drivers of varying IQs (measured by Raven's advanced progressive matrices test), we investigated cortical activation by measuring the amount of event-related desynchronization in the electroencephalogram during a familiar task (thinking about routes to take in their city) and a novel task (memorizing routes of an artificial map). A comparison of participants with lower and higher IQs (median split) revealed higher cortical activation in the less intelligent group for the novel task, but not for the familiar task. These results suggest that long-term experience can compensate for lower intellectual ability, even at the level of cortical activation.
多项研究表明，智商较低的人在解决与智力相关的任务时，比智商较高的人表现出更多的大脑皮层活动。这些结果是根据神经效率来解释的：一个人越聪明，需要激活的心理资源就越少。在一项针对31名智商各异（通过瑞文高级渐进矩阵测验测量）的经验丰富的出租车司机的实验中，我们通过测量脑电图中事件相关去同步化的量，研究了熟悉任务（思考他们所在城市的行车路线）和新任务（记忆人工地图的路线）期间的大脑皮层激活情况。对智商较低和较高的参与者（中位数划分）进行比较发现，在新任务中，智商较低的组大脑皮层激活程度更高，但在熟悉任务中并非如此。这些结果表明，长期经验可以弥补较低的智力水平，即使在大脑皮层激活层面也是如此。
