Praetorius Helle A, Spring Kenneth R
Center for Salt and Water Research, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2003 Sep;12(5):517-20. doi: 10.1097/00041552-200309000-00006.
To discuss recent reports on the function and importance of the renal primary cilium, a widely distributed organelle.
Most epithelial cells, including those in the kidney, express a solitary primary cilium. The primary cilium functions as a flow sensor in cultured renal epithelial cells (MDCK and mouse collecting tubule) mediating a large increase in intracellular calcium concentration. Flow sensing is shown to reside in the cilium itself and to involve the proteins polycystin 1 and 2, defects in which are associated with the majority of cases of human polycystic kidney disease. The role of the cilium in flow-dependent potassium secretion by the collecting tubule and in sensing of chemical components of the luminal fluid are also described.
The primary cilium is mechanically sensitive and serves as a flow sensor in cultured renal epithelia. Bending the cilium by mechanical means or flow causes a large, prolonged transient increase in intracellular calcium. The mechanically sensitive protein in the cilium is a polycystin.
讨论关于肾初级纤毛（一种广泛分布的细胞器）的功能和重要性的近期报道。
大多数上皮细胞，包括肾上皮细胞，都表达一根单独的初级纤毛。在培养的肾上皮细胞（MDCK细胞和小鼠集合管）中，初级纤毛作为一种流量传感器，介导细胞内钙浓度大幅增加。流量传感显示存在于纤毛本身，并涉及多囊蛋白1和2，这两种蛋白的缺陷与大多数人类多囊肾病病例相关。还描述了纤毛在集合管依赖流量的钾分泌以及管腔液化学成分传感中的作用。
初级纤毛对机械刺激敏感，在培养的肾上皮细胞中作为流量传感器。通过机械手段或流量使纤毛弯曲会导致细胞内钙大幅、长时间的瞬时增加。纤毛中的机械敏感蛋白是一种多囊蛋白。
