Burns David M
University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92108, USA.
Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2003 Jul-Aug;46(1):11-29. doi: 10.1016/s0033-0620(03)00079-3.
Cigarette smoking is a major cause of coronary heart disease, stroke, aortic aneurysm, and peripheral vascular disease. The risk is manifest both as an increased risk for thrombosis of narrowed vessels and as an increased degree of atherosclerosis in those vessels. The cardiovascular risks owing to cigarette smoking increase with the amount smoked and with the duration of smoking. Risks are not reduced by smoking cigarettes with lower machine-measured yields of tar and nicotine, but those who have only smoked pipes or cigars seem to have a lower risk for cardiovascular diseases. Cessation of cigarette smoking reduces disease risks, although risks may remain elevated for a decade or more after cessation.
吸烟是冠心病、中风、主动脉瘤和外周血管疾病的主要病因。这种风险表现为血管狭窄时血栓形成风险增加，以及这些血管中动脉粥样硬化程度加重。吸烟导致的心血管风险随着吸烟量和吸烟时间的增加而上升。吸机器测量的焦油和尼古丁含量较低的香烟并不能降低风险，但仅抽过烟斗或雪茄的人患心血管疾病的风险似乎较低。戒烟可降低疾病风险，尽管戒烟后风险可能会在十年或更长时间内仍维持在较高水平。
