Zhang Yong, Zeng Ming, Xiong Bingquan, Yang Xiaohong
College of Horticulture, Southwest Agricultural University, Chongqing 400716, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2003 Apr;14(4):613-7.
Mycorrhiza plays a key role in nutrient cycling in ecosystem, and protects host plant against environmental stress. Under natural condition, plant's mycorrhizal structure is a normal phenomenon, and arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) association is the commonest mycorrhizal type. If well mycorrhizal structure can be formed during plant root system developing process, the quantity and quality of plant production will be improved in large. Because of its effects on plant growth and health, it is accepted that AM symbiosis can reduce chemical fertilizer and pesticide inputs. Consequently, this will lead to a reduction in harmful chemical substance impact on environment. The key effects of AM symbiosis can be summarized as follows: (1) improving rooting and plant establishment; (2) improving uptake of low mobile ions; (3) improving nutrient cycling; (4) enhancing plant tolerance to (biotic and abiotic) stress; (5) improving quality of soil structure; and (6) enhancing plant community diversity. In this paper, the ecological characteristic of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF), effects of AM on host plant, and ecologic significance of AM biotechnology in agricultural system were reviewed.
菌根在生态系统的养分循环中起着关键作用，并保护宿主植物免受环境胁迫。在自然条件下，植物的菌根结构是一种正常现象，丛枝菌根（AM）共生是最常见的菌根类型。如果在植物根系发育过程中能形成良好的菌根结构，植物产量的数量和质量将大幅提高。由于其对植物生长和健康的影响，人们认为AM共生可以减少化肥和农药的投入。因此，这将减少有害化学物质对环境的影响。AM共生的关键作用可概括如下：（1）促进生根和植株建立；（2）提高对低移动性离子的吸收；（3）改善养分循环；（4）增强植物对（生物和非生物）胁迫的耐受性；（5）改善土壤结构质量；（6）增加植物群落多样性。本文综述了丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）的生态特性、AM对宿主植物的影响以及AM生物技术在农业系统中的生态意义。
