Chen Xiao-Fang, Wang Xiang, Yuan Xiao-Dong, Tang Min-Qian, Li Yu-Xiang, Guo Yu-Mei, Li Qing-Wei
College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China.
Yi Chuan Xue Bao. 2003 May;30(5):419-24.
Studies of the phylogenetic relationships of the Charadriiformes have been largely based on conservative morphological characters. During the past 10 years, many studies on the evolutionary biology of birds adopted phylogenetic information obtained from mitochondrial DNA, but few work on the Charadriiformes has been reported to date. Therefore, phylogenetic relationships and classification of the Charadriiformes remains controversial. In this study, we try to shed light on these relationships via DNA sequence analysis of the mitochondrial Cyt b gene in 12 species of Charadriiformes. It was a preliminary study of the origin and evolution of the species by using nucleotide sequence data. Using the well-known PCR techniques, the complete mitochondrial Cyt b gene sequences were amplified and sequenced respectively from Charadrius mongolus, Charadrius alexandrinus, Numenius madagascariensis, Numenius arquat, Numenius phaeopus, Tringa totanus, Tringa glareola, Xenus cineres, Arenaria interpres, Calidris tenuirostris, Recurvirostra avosetts and Haematopus ostralensis. The 1143 bp long DNA sequences of the gene from these species were obtained, in which 381 variable sites were identified without insertions or deletions. The nucleic acid sequence variation of the mitochondrial Cyt b gene was 5.16%-16.01% among these species. Phylogenetic trees constructed using the NJ method, MP method and ML method with Ciconia ciconia as the outgroup indicate that the 12 species of Charadriiformes examined in this study are clustered in two major clades. The first clade includes T. totanus, T. glareola, A. interpres, C. tenuirostris, X. cineres, N. madagascariensis, N. arquata and N. phaeopus. The second one includes C. mongolus, C. alexandrinus, R. avosetts and H. ostralensis. Our molecular data show that the phylogenetic relationships among species of Scolopacidae are consistent with the classification based on morphological studies; R. avosetts and H. ostralensis are relatively closer, and form a sister group, and then form paraphyletic group with a sister group which comprised of C. mongolus and C. alexandrinus. The results support Sibley's opinion of assigning R. avosetts and H. ostralensis which form Recurvirostrinae as a taxon of the Charadriidae, and the Charadriidae dividing into two subfamilies: Recurvirostrinae and Charadriinae respectively.
鸻形目的系统发育关系研究主要基于保守的形态特征。在过去的10年里，许多关于鸟类进化生物学的研究采用了从线粒体DNA获得的系统发育信息，但迄今为止，关于鸻形目的研究报道较少。因此，鸻形目的系统发育关系和分类仍然存在争议。在本研究中，我们试图通过对12种鸻形目鸟类线粒体细胞色素b（Cyt b）基因的DNA序列分析来阐明这些关系。这是一项利用核苷酸序列数据对该物种起源和进化的初步研究。利用著名的聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术，分别从蒙古沙鸻、环颈鸻、马岛塍鹬、黑尾塍鹬、斑尾塍鹬、红脚鹬、青脚鹬、灰瓣蹼鹬、翻石鹬、细嘴滨鹬、反嘴鹬和蛎鹬中扩增并测序了完整的线粒体Cyt b基因序列。获得了这些物种该基因1143 bp长的DNA序列，其中鉴定出381个可变位点，无插入或缺失。这些物种线粒体Cyt b基因的核酸序列变异为5.16% - 16.01%。以白鹳为外类群，采用邻接法（NJ）、最大简约法（MP）和最大似然法（ML）构建的系统发育树表明，本研究中检测的12种鸻形目鸟类聚为两个主要分支。第一个分支包括红脚鹬、青脚鹬、翻石鹬、细嘴滨鹬、灰瓣蹼鹬、马岛塍鹬、黑尾塍鹬和斑尾塍鹬。第二个分支包括蒙古沙鸻、环颈鸻、反嘴鹬和蛎鹬。我们的分子数据表明，鹬科物种之间的系统发育关系与基于形态学研究的分类一致；反嘴鹬和蛎鹬亲缘关系相对较近，形成一个姐妹群，然后与由蒙古沙鸻和环颈鸻组成的姐妹群形成并系群。结果支持西布利将反嘴鹬和蛎鹬归为鸻科一个分类单元反嘴鹬亚科，并将鸻科分为反嘴鹬亚科和鸻亚科两个亚科的观点。
