Nunes Carlos, Ladeira Susel
Center of Allergy and Immunology of Algarve, Portugal.
J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2002;12(4):242-9.
This study analyzes the evolution of a group of children under 10 years of age with asthma over a period of 20 years. We selected a random group of 32 children with asthma and compared it with a control group composed of 33 children without asthma, similar in age, sex, and socio-economic characteristics. Throughout the 20 years we analyzed the number of ambulatory visits, morbidity, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) as well as social and economic characteristics. The results after 20 years of evaluation showed that inflammatory and infectious processes in the airways (upper and lower) were more frequent among asthmatics than in the control group. ENT infections were more predominant in the group with inadequate sanitary conditions. There were no significant differences for the other pathologies. We studied the frequency of asthmatic crises requiring emergency care according to age and sex. Clinical ambulatory visits in asthmatic children were 2.8 times more frequent than in the control group. We found no differences between males and females, either in terms of global morbidity or the worsening of their asthmatic disease e.g., crises, going to emergency services and hospitalization. In the asthmatic group, the frequency of asthma crises, visits to emergency services and hospitalization were analyzed, with no differences being found between the sexes. We measured the PEFR, FEV1, and FEF25-75 in both groups for 20 years and compared those values to age, weight, height, and sex. We found that the parameters of lung function were lower in the asthmatic group than in the control group. We used as statistical method the chi 2 test, and regression analyses were made to relate the PEFR, FEV1, and FEF25-75 values to age and gender. A paired t-test was used to compare ambulatory visits, morbidity, emergency care, ETS, and sanitary housing conditions to age and sex in both groups. A p value < or = 0.05 was taken as indicating statistical significance.
本研究分析了一组10岁以下哮喘儿童在20年期间的病情发展。我们随机选取了32名哮喘儿童组成一组，并将其与由33名无哮喘儿童组成的对照组进行比较，对照组儿童在年龄、性别和社会经济特征方面与之相似。在这20年中，我们分析了门诊就诊次数、发病率、环境烟草烟雾（ETS）以及社会和经济特征。经过20年的评估，结果显示，哮喘患者气道（上、下呼吸道）的炎症和感染过程比对照组更为频繁。在卫生条件较差的组中，耳鼻喉感染更为常见。其他病症方面无显著差异。我们根据年龄和性别研究了需要急诊护理的哮喘发作频率。哮喘儿童的临床门诊就诊频率比对照组高2.8倍。我们发现，无论是总体发病率还是哮喘病情恶化情况（如发作、前往急诊服务和住院），男性和女性之间均无差异。在哮喘组中，分析了哮喘发作频率、前往急诊服务的次数和住院情况，未发现性别差异。我们在20年中对两组的呼气峰流速（PEFR）、第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）和用力呼气25%-75%肺活量时的平均呼气流量（FEF25-75）进行了测量，并将这些值与年龄、体重、身高和性别进行了比较。我们发现哮喘组的肺功能参数低于对照组。我们采用卡方检验作为统计方法，并进行回归分析以将PEFR、FEV1和FEF25-75值与年龄和性别相关联。采用配对t检验比较两组门诊就诊次数、发病率、急诊护理、ETS和卫生住房条件与年龄和性别的关系。p值≤0.05被视为具有统计学意义。
