Stoops William W, Glaser Paul E A, Rush Craig R
Department of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, College of Medicine Office Building (Rm. 127), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0086, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2003 Aug 20;71(2):179-86. doi: 10.1016/s0376-8716(03)00131-5.
The results of previously published reports suggest that oral methylphenidate has potential for abuse. An increase in insufflation of methylphenidate has been reported recently. To our knowledge, however, there are no published reports that examined the effects of intranasal methylphenidate. The purpose of this experiment was to characterize the reinforcing, subject-rated, and physiological effects of intranasal methylphenidate (0, 10, 20, and 30 mg). Eight volunteers (five males and three females) with recent histories of recreational stimulant use were recruited to participate in this experiment. Drug doses were administered in a double-blind fashion under medical supervision, but for safety purposes they were administered in ascending order. Intranasal methylphenidate increased the crossover point on the Multiple-Choice Questionnaire in a linear fashion, which suggests that intranasal methylphenidate functioned as a reinforcer. Intranasal methylphenidate also produced linear dose-dependent prototypical stimulant-like subjective effects (e.g. increases in ratings of Good Effects and High). Intranasal methylphenidate increased heart rate as a function of dose, but the magnitude of this effect was not clinically significant (i.e. average peak heart rate following administration of the highest dose was less than 82 beats per min). The results of this study suggest that across a range of doses, intranasal methylphenidate produces behavioral effects that are characteristic of abused stimulants. Future studies should test higher doses and directly compare the behavioral effects of intranasal methylphenidate to those of a prototypical abused stimulant (e.g. cocaine).
先前发表的报告结果表明，口服哌醋甲酯有被滥用的可能性。最近有报告称，哌醋甲酯经鼻吸入的情况有所增加。然而，据我们所知，尚无已发表的报告研究过经鼻使用哌醋甲酯的效果。本实验的目的是描述经鼻使用哌醋甲酯（0、10、20和30毫克）的强化作用、受试者评分效应和生理效应。招募了八名近期有使用娱乐性兴奋剂历史的志愿者（五名男性和三名女性）参与本实验。药物剂量在医学监督下以双盲方式给药，但出于安全目的，按升序给药。经鼻使用哌醋甲酯使多项选择问卷中的交叉点呈线性增加，这表明经鼻使用哌醋甲酯起到了强化物的作用。经鼻使用哌醋甲酯还产生了线性剂量依赖性的典型兴奋剂样主观效应（例如，“良好效应”和“兴奋”评分增加）。经鼻使用哌醋甲酯使心率随剂量增加，但这种效应的幅度在临床上并不显著（即最高剂量给药后的平均峰值心率低于每分钟82次）。本研究结果表明，在一系列剂量范围内，经鼻使用哌醋甲酯会产生滥用兴奋剂所特有的行为效应。未来的研究应测试更高剂量，并直接比较经鼻使用哌醋甲酯与典型滥用兴奋剂（如可卡因）的行为效应。
