Riviello James J
Clinical Neurophysiology Laboratory, Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2003 Jul;3(4):325-31. doi: 10.1007/s11910-003-0010-4.
The management of seizures and epilepsy begins with forming a differential diagnosis, making the diagnosis, and then classifying seizure type and epileptic syndrome. Classification guides treatment, including ancillary testing, management, prognosis, and if needed, selection of the appropriate antiepileptic drug (AED). Many AEDs are available, and certain seizure types or epilepsy syndromes respond to specific AEDs. The identification of the genetics, molecular basis, and pathophysiologic mechanisms of epilepsy has resulted from classification of specific epileptic syndromes. The classification system used by the International League Against Epilepsy is periodically revised. The proposed revision changes the classification emphasis from the anatomic origin of seizures (focal vs generalized) to seizure semiology (ie, the signs or clinical manifestations). Modified systems have been developed for specific circumstances (eg, neonatal seizures, infantile seizures, status epilepticus, and epilepsy surgery). This article reviews seizure and epilepsy classification, emphasizing new data.
癫痫发作和癫痫的管理始于进行鉴别诊断、做出诊断，然后对癫痫发作类型和癫痫综合征进行分类。分类指导治疗，包括辅助检查、管理、预后，以及在需要时选择合适的抗癫痫药物（AED）。有许多种抗癫痫药物可供使用，某些癫痫发作类型或癫痫综合征对特定的抗癫痫药物有反应。对特定癫痫综合征的分类促成了对癫痫的遗传学、分子基础和病理生理机制的认识。国际抗癫痫联盟使用的分类系统会定期修订。提议的修订将分类重点从癫痫发作的解剖学起源（局灶性与全身性）转变为癫痫发作的症状学（即体征或临床表现）。针对特定情况（如新生儿癫痫发作、婴儿癫痫发作、癫痫持续状态和癫痫手术）已开发出改良系统。本文回顾癫痫发作和癫痫的分类，重点介绍新数据。
