Granger Douglas A, Kivlighan Katie T
Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16803, USA.
Child Dev. 2003 Jul-Aug;74(4):1058-63. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.00590.
Integration of noninvasive, biological measures into behavioral research has increased, but the interpretation of biobehavioral findings in relation to developmental outcomes is rarely straightforward. This commentary highlights the need for specific, theoretically derived hypotheses, multiple measures of behavioral and biological processes, and analytical strategies aimed at explaining interindividual differences in intraindividual change. It is suggested here that the next phase of biosocial research needs to move beyond description and toward development of mid-level theories that will enable researchers to specify, test, and refine hypotheses of how biobehavioral processes interact with social-contextual factors to influence development. These mid-level biosocial models will be necessary to determine whether individual differences in children's adrenocortical activity confer risk or resilience because of early or cumulative exposure to nonparental care.
将非侵入性生物测量方法纳入行为研究的情况有所增加，但生物行为研究结果与发育结果之间的关系解读很少是直接明了的。本评论强调需要有基于理论推导的具体假设、行为和生物过程的多种测量方法，以及旨在解释个体内部变化中个体间差异的分析策略。本文认为，生物社会研究的下一阶段需要超越描述，朝着中级理论的发展迈进，这些理论将使研究人员能够明确、检验和完善关于生物行为过程如何与社会背景因素相互作用以影响发育的假设。这些中级生物社会模型对于确定儿童肾上腺皮质活动的个体差异是否由于早期或长期接受非父母照料而带来风险或恢复力是必要的。
