Liu Wen-Xin, Kong Fan-Ling, Guo Zhi-Li, Zhang Qun-Yuan, Peng Hui-Ru, Fu Xiao-Qiong, Yang Fu-Xin
College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.
Yi Chuan Xue Bao. 2003 Jun;30(6):560-70.
The diversity of 166 cotton cultivars(cult.) including 159 upland(G. hirsutum L) and 7 island(G. barbadense L) ones planted mainly in China since 1949 was explored by RAPD, genetic distance(GD) and cluster analysis. The correlation coefficients between Nei's GD of RAPDs and two groups of phenotype data's Euclidean distances (UD) were 0.6445(n = 1770) and 0.7078 (n = 7140), which indicated that RAPD could be used to explore genetic diversity among cotton cultivars in China. The genetic basis of cotton cultivars in China was studied by comparison among different cotton species, different cultivar types, different history periods, different growing regions and different sources. The results showed as follows:within cotton cultivars planted in China, the genetic basis of island cotton cultivars was narrower than that in upland ones; the genetic basis of cultivars released in China since 1949 was narrower than that of introduced ones from outside of China; the genetic basis of hybrids was narrower than that of conventional cultivars(Conv. Cult.); the genetic basis of upland cultivars after 1980 was narrower than that in 1970's; the genetic basis of cultivars in Changjiang cotton region was narrower than that of Huanghuai cotton region, northwestward cotton region was the narrowest. From which some strategies for breeding, especially for the methods of widening the genetic basis of China cotton cultivars, could be understood and withdrawn.
利用随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）技术、遗传距离（GD）分析和聚类分析，对1949年以来主要在中国种植的166个棉花品种（包括159个陆地棉品种和7个海岛棉品种）的遗传多样性进行了研究。RAPD分析得到的Nei氏遗传距离与两组表型数据的欧式距离（UD）之间的相关系数分别为0.6445（n = 1770）和0.7078（n = 7140），这表明RAPD可用于研究中国棉花品种间的遗传多样性。通过对不同棉种、不同品种类型、不同历史时期、不同种植区域和不同来源的棉花品种进行比较，研究了中国棉花品种的遗传基础。结果如下：在中国种植的棉花品种中，海岛棉品种的遗传基础比陆地棉品种窄；1949年以来在中国育成的品种的遗传基础比从国外引进的品种窄；杂交种的遗传基础比常规品种窄；1980年以后育成的陆地棉品种的遗传基础比20世纪70年代育成的品种窄；长江流域棉区品种的遗传基础比黄淮棉区窄，西北内陆棉区的遗传基础最窄。由此可以理解并得出一些育种策略，特别是拓宽中国棉花品种遗传基础的方法。
