Martz E, Livneh H
University of Missouri, Columbia, USA.
Disabil Rehabil. 2003 Sep 16;25(18):1024-32. doi: 10.1080/09638280310001596469.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between death anxiety and future time orientation among individuals who sustained spinal cord injuries (SCI).
Participants were 317 individuals with SCI, of whom 57.4% were US veterans. Data were obtained by means of mailed questionnaires and included responses to the Death Anxiety Scale (DAS), the Future Time Orientation (FTOS) measure, as well as information on participants' personal and disability-related characteristics.
A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the influence of a set of demographic variables, followed by a set of disability-related variables, and finally two factorially-derived measures of death anxiety (denial of death and distressed awareness of death) on future time orientation. Two disability-related variables (pain level and existence of pressure ulcers) and one of the two death anxiety measures (distressed awareness of death) significantly predicted future time orientation. A post-hoc analysis, adding depression as a predictor, was also significant, indicating that an increased level of depression uniquely contributed to a truncated future time orientation.
Distressed anxiety and depression may be important factors affecting goals and plans of people with SCI. Future research should attempt to clarify the intricate relationships among negative affectivity, future time orientation, and psychosocial adaptation to SCI.
本研究旨在探讨脊髓损伤（SCI）患者的死亡焦虑与未来时间取向之间的关系。
研究对象为317名脊髓损伤患者，其中57.4%为美国退伍军人。数据通过邮寄问卷的方式收集，包括对死亡焦虑量表（DAS）、未来时间取向（FTOS）量表的回答，以及参与者个人和与残疾相关特征的信息。
进行了分层多元回归分析，以检验一组人口统计学变量、一组与残疾相关的变量，以及最后两个从因子分析得出的死亡焦虑指标（对死亡的否认和对死亡的痛苦意识）对未来时间取向的影响。两个与残疾相关的变量（疼痛程度和压疮的存在）以及两个死亡焦虑指标之一（对死亡的痛苦意识）显著预测了未来时间取向。一项将抑郁作为预测因素的事后分析也具有显著性，表明抑郁水平的升高独特地导致了未来时间取向的缩短。
痛苦焦虑和抑郁可能是影响脊髓损伤患者目标和计划的重要因素。未来的研究应试图阐明消极情感、未来时间取向和脊髓损伤心理社会适应之间的复杂关系。
