Zaidi Najam, Konstantinou Konstantinos, Zervos Marcus
Department of Medicine, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich 48073, USA.
Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2003 Sep;127(9):1098-105. doi: 10.5858/2003-127-1098-TROMBA.
In this review, we will focus on recent molecular typing methods that can be applied to different pathogens and assess their values and limitations.
Resistant subgroups within a species of pathogenic organisms often emerge as dominant strains under the selective pressures of antibiotics, vaccinations, and new health care practices. The emergence of resistant organisms has added to the burden and cost of health care-related infections. Pathogens derived from a common ancestry are often difficult to distinguish by conventional methods, and the practice of clinical microbiology and infectious disease epidemiology must adapt to this problem.
Conventional strain typing methods provide a limited means of distinguishing epidemic from endemic or sporadic isolates of pathogens. Nucleic acid-based methods complement conventional and serologic methods of organism isolation and typing. Often, these genomic methods offer more discrimination and details than the phenotype-based conventional methods.
Highly sensitive molecular techniques are capable of detecting single base pair substitutions and resolving the mechanism of underlying complex variation.
在本综述中，我们将聚焦于可应用于不同病原体的近期分子分型方法，并评估其价值与局限性。
致病生物物种内的耐药亚群常在抗生素、疫苗接种及新的医疗保健措施的选择压力下成为优势菌株。耐药生物的出现增加了医疗保健相关感染的负担与成本。源自共同祖先的病原体通常难以通过传统方法区分，临床微生物学及传染病流行病学实践必须适应这一问题。
传统菌株分型方法在区分病原体的流行株与地方流行株或散发病原体方面手段有限。基于核酸的方法补充了传统的以及血清学的生物分离和分型方法。通常，这些基因组方法比基于表型的传统方法具有更强的鉴别力和更多细节。
高灵敏度分子技术能够检测单碱基对替换并解析潜在复杂变异的机制。
