Boulyga Sergei F, Zoriy Myroslav, Ketterer Michael E, Becker J Sabine
Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
J Environ Monit. 2003 Aug;5(4):661-6. doi: 10.1039/b303621a.
The depth distribution of plutonium, americium, and 137Cs originating from the 1986 accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) was investigated in several soil profiles in the vicinity from Belarus. The vertical migration of transuranic elements in soils typical of the 30 km relocation area around Chernobyl NPP was studied using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), alpha spectrometry, and gamma spectrometry. Transuranic concentrations in upper soil layers ranged from 6 x 10(-12) g g(-1) to 6 x 10(-10) g g(-1) for plutonium and from 1.8 x 10(-13) g g(-1) to 1.6 x 10(-11) g g(-1) for americium. These concentrations correspond to specific activities of (239+240)Pu of 24-2400 Bq kg(-1) and specific activity of 241Am of 23-2000 Bq kg(-1), respectively. Transuranics in turf-podzol soil migrate slowly to the deeper soil layers, thus, 80-95%, of radionuclide inventories were present in the 0-3 cm intervals of turf-podzol soils collected in 1994. In peat-marsh soil migration processes occur more rapidly than in turf-podzol and the maximum concentrations are found beneath the soil surface (down to 3-6 cm). The depth distributions of Pu and Am are essentially identical for a given soil profile. (239+240)Pu/137Cs and 241Am/137Cs activity ratios vary by up to a factor of 5 at some sites while smaller variations in these ratios were observed at a site close to Chernobyl, suggesting that 137Cs is dominantly particle associated close to Chernobyl but volatile species of 137Cs are of relatively greater importance at the distant sites.
对白俄罗斯附近几个土壤剖面中源自1986年切尔诺贝利核电站事故的钚、镅和137铯的深度分布进行了调查。利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）、α能谱法和γ能谱法研究了切尔诺贝利核电站周围30公里迁移区域典型土壤中超铀元素的垂直迁移情况。上层土壤中钚的超铀浓度范围为6×10⁻¹²克/克至6×10⁻¹⁰克/克，镅的浓度范围为1.8×10⁻¹³克/克至1.6×10⁻¹¹克/克。这些浓度分别对应于（²³⁹ + ²⁴⁰）Pu的比活度为24 - 2400贝克勒尔/千克和²⁴¹Am的比活度为23 - 2000贝克勒尔/千克。超铀元素在生草灰化土中向深层土壤迁移缓慢，因此，1994年采集的生草灰化土0 - 3厘米区间内存在80 - 95%的放射性核素存量。在泥炭沼泽土中，迁移过程比生草灰化土中更快，且最大浓度出现在土壤表面以下（达3 - 6厘米）。对于给定的土壤剖面，Pu和Am的深度分布基本相同。在某些地点，（²³⁹ + ²⁴⁰）Pu/¹³⁷Cs和²⁴¹Am/¹³⁷Cs活度比变化高达5倍，而在靠近切尔诺贝利的一个地点观察到这些比值的变化较小，这表明在靠近切尔诺贝利处¹³⁷Cs主要与颗粒相关，但¹³⁷Cs的挥发性物种在较远的地点相对更重要。
