Clough A R, Wang Z, Bailie R S, Burns C B, Currie B J
Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT, Australia.
Epidemiol Infect. 2003 Aug;131(1):627-35. doi: 10.1017/s0950268803008628.
Pneumonia causes significant morbidity and mortality in Aboriginal populations in Australia's Northern Territory (NT). Kava, consumed in Arnhem Land since 1982, may be a risk factor for infectious disease including pneumonia. A case-control study (n = 115 cases; n = 415 controls) was conducted in 7001 Aboriginal people (4217 over 15 years). Odds ratios (OR) were calculated by conditional logistic regression with substance use and social factors as confounders. Pneumonia was not associated with kava use. Crude OR = 1.26 (0.74-2.14, P = 0.386), increased after controlling for confounders (OR = 1.98, 0.63-6.23, P = 0.237) but was not significant. Adjusted OR for pneumonia cases involving kava and alcohol users was 1.19 (0.39-3.62, P = 0.756). In communities with longer kava-using histories, adjusted OR was 2.19 (0.67-7.14, P = 0.187). There was no kava dose-response relationship. Crude ORs for associations between pneumonia and cannabis use (OR = 2.27, 1 18-4.37, P = 0.014) and alcohol use (OR = 1.95, 1.07-3.53, P = 0.026) were statistically significant and approached significance for petrol sniffing (OR = 1.98, 0.99-3.95, P = 0.056).
在澳大利亚北领地（NT）的原住民中，肺炎会导致较高的发病率和死亡率。自1982年以来，阿纳姆地就有人食用卡瓦胡椒，它可能是包括肺炎在内的传染病的一个风险因素。对7001名原住民（4217名年龄超过15岁）进行了一项病例对照研究（115例病例；415名对照）。通过条件逻辑回归计算比值比（OR），将物质使用和社会因素作为混杂因素。肺炎与卡瓦胡椒的使用无关。粗OR = 1.26（0.74 - 2.14，P = 0.386），在控制混杂因素后有所增加（OR = 1.98，0.63 - 6.23，P = 0.237），但无统计学意义。涉及卡瓦胡椒和酒精使用者的肺炎病例的调整后OR为1.19（0.39 - 3.62，P = 0.756）。在有较长卡瓦胡椒使用历史的社区中，调整后OR为2.19（于0.67 - 7.14，P = 0.187）。不存在卡瓦胡椒剂量反应关系。肺炎与大麻使用（OR = 2.27，1.18 - 4.37，P = 0.014）和酒精使用（OR = 1.95，1.07 - 3.53，P = 0.026）之间关联的粗OR具有统计学意义，汽油嗅吸的粗OR接近具有统计学意义（OR = 1.98，0.99 - 3.95，P = 0.056）。
