Astrocyte volume regulation and ATP and phosphocreatine concentrations after exposure to salicylate, ammonium, and fatty acids.

Cellular volume regulation following swelling in hypo-osmotic phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and ATP and phosphocreatine concentrations of cells incubated in iso-osmotic or hypo-osmotic PBS were measured in primary cultured rat cerebral astrocytes exposed for 30 min to NH4Cl, salicylate, hexanoate, octanoate, and/or dodecanoate. These compounds have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral edema in Reye's Syndrome. NH4Cl (0.10 - 10 mM) had no effect on astrocyte volume regulation or ATP concentration. Salicylate significantly reduced ATP concentrations at 3.0 mM and 10 mM but had no effect on volume regulation. Hexanoate (10 mM and 30 mM) decreased astrocyte ATP content by over 80% while octanoate (10 mM) reduced ATP content by more than 50%. Concentrations of these fatty acids at or below 3.0 mM had no effect on ATP content. Volume regulation was inhibited by 3.0 mM hexanoate and 3.0 mM octanoate but not lower concentrations. Dodecanoate (0.1-3.0 mM) decreased cellular ATP content by 33-51% in iso-osmotic PBS solutions. Phosphocreatine content was reduced by exposure to salicylate or octanoate at concentrations which had no effect on ATP content. These results indicate that astrocyte energy metabolism and volume regulation may be compromised by agents associated with cerebral edema in Reye's Syndrome. Analysis of the dose-dependence of these effects suggests that inhibition of astrocyte energy metabolism is not sufficient to affect volume regulation.