Wittchen H-U, Fehm L
Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Dresden University of Technology, Chemnitzer Str. 46, Dresden, Germany.
Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 2003(417):4-18. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0447.108.s417.1.x.
To summarize epidemiological studies providing data on prevalence, incidence, comorbidity, natural course, risk factors and consequences of social phobia (SP).
Data from cross-sectional studies and prospective longitudinal studies in particular are considered.
These studies portray SP as a frequent mental disorder, which begins typically in early adolescence, and is highly comorbid with other anxiety disorders, as well as secondary depression and substance abuse disorders. Several possible risk factors have already been identified for the onset and unfavorable course of SP; some of them have been tested in prospective longitudinal studies. SP is a chronic disorder when compared with other mental disorders and when subclinical symptomatic levels are considered. Impairment caused by SP is considerable and increases over a patient's life span. The negative impact of SP is not only reflected in subjective well-being and reduced quality of life but also in social role functioning, and it impacts negatively on career progression.
Prospective longitudinal studies in representative samples drawn from the general population provide information that allows the overall direct and indirect costs of the disorder (treatment costs, disability, social welfare) to be determined, and enables an improvement in long-term care strategies as well as preventive efforts to be established.
总结流行病学研究，提供社交恐惧症（SP）的患病率、发病率、合并症、自然病程、危险因素及后果的数据。
特别考虑横断面研究和前瞻性纵向研究的数据。
这些研究将社交恐惧症描绘为一种常见的精神障碍，通常始于青春期早期，与其他焦虑症以及继发性抑郁症和物质滥用障碍高度共病。已经确定了社交恐惧症发病和不良病程的几个可能危险因素；其中一些已在前瞻性纵向研究中得到检验。与其他精神障碍相比，若考虑亚临床症状水平，社交恐惧症是一种慢性疾病。社交恐惧症造成的损害相当大，且会随着患者寿命的延长而增加。社交恐惧症的负面影响不仅体现在主观幸福感和生活质量下降上，还体现在社会角色功能方面，并且对职业发展产生负面影响。
从一般人群中抽取的代表性样本进行的前瞻性纵向研究提供的信息，有助于确定该疾病的总体直接和间接成本（治疗成本、残疾、社会福利），并有助于改进长期护理策略以及制定预防措施。
