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日本有明海潮滩和沿海生态系统中多氯联苯和多环芳烃的生物累积及毒性强度

Bioaccumulation and toxic potencies of polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tidal flat and coastal ecosystems of the Ariake Sea, Japan.

作者信息

Nakata Haruhiko, Sakai Yasufumi, Miyawaki Takashi, Takemura Akira

机构信息

Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.

出版信息

Environ Sci Technol. 2003 Aug 15;37(16):3513-21. doi: 10.1021/es021083h.

Abstract

Sediment and marine biota comprising several species of tidal flat and coastal organisms were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) including non- and mono-ortho coplanar congeners and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to examine bioaccumulation profiles and toxic potencies of these contaminants. Concentrations of PCBs in tidal flat organisms ranged from 3.6 ng/g (wet wt) in clams to 68 ng/g (wet wt) in omnivore tidal flatfishes, a discernible trend reflecting concentrations and trophic levels. In contrast, PAHs concentrations were the highest in lower trophic organisms, such as crabs and lugworms from tidal flat, whereas those in coastal fishes, squid, and finless porpoises were less than detection limit. Greater bioaccumulation of PAHs was found in lugworms and crabs, which might be due to their direct ingestion of sediment particulates absorbed with PAHs. TCDD toxic equivalents (TEQs) were calculated for PCBs and PAHs in sediments and biota. PCBs accounted for a greater proportion of total TEQs (sum(TEQs): sum of TEQ(PCB) and TEQ(PAH)) in coastal and tidal flatfishes (>95%), while PAHs occupied a considerable portion of sum(TEQs) in sediment (>97%). Interestingly, TEQ(PAH) accounted for 37% and 81% of the sum(TEQs) in crabs and clams, respectively. Benzo[b]fluoranthene was the dominant contributor to TEQ(PAH) in both the species. Considering these observations, the environmental risks of PAHs may not be ignored in benthic tidal flat organisms due to their greater bioaccumulation through sediments.

摘要

对包括几种潮滩和沿海生物物种在内的沉积物和海洋生物群进行了分析,以检测多氯联苯(PCBs),包括非邻位和单邻位共面同系物以及多环芳烃(PAHs),从而研究这些污染物的生物累积情况和毒性强度。潮滩生物体内多氯联苯的浓度范围为:蛤类中为3.6纳克/克(湿重),杂食性潮滩鱼类中为68纳克/克(湿重),这一明显趋势反映了污染物浓度和营养级之间的关系。相比之下,多环芳烃的浓度在较低营养级生物中最高,比如潮滩中的螃蟹和沙蚕,而在沿海鱼类、鱿鱼和江豚体内的浓度则低于检测限。在沙蚕和螃蟹体内发现了更强的多环芳烃生物累积现象,这可能是由于它们直接摄取了吸附有多环芳烃的沉积物颗粒。计算了沉积物和生物群中多氯联苯和多环芳烃的2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并-对-二恶英毒性当量(TEQs)。在沿海和潮滩鱼类中,多氯联苯在总TEQs(TEQs总和:TEQ(PCB)与TEQ(PAH)之和)中占比更大(>95%),而多环芳烃在沉积物的TEQs总和中占相当大的比例(>97%)。有趣的是,TEQ(PAH)在螃蟹和蛤类的TEQs总和中分别占37%和81%。在这两个物种中,苯并[b]荧蒽都是TEQ(PAH)的主要贡献者。考虑到这些观察结果,由于多环芳烃通过沉积物具有更强的生物累积性,其在潮滩底栖生物中的环境风险不容忽视。

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