Webster Lynda, Russell Marie, Walsham Pam, Phillips Lesley A, Hussy Ines, Packer Gill, Dalgarno Eric J, Moffat Colin F
Marine Scotland, Marine Laboratory, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, UK.
J Environ Monit. 2011 May;13(5):1288-307. doi: 10.1039/c1em10100e. Epub 2011 Mar 31.
Concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were determined in sediment and biota (fish liver) from around Scotland. The concentrations were investigated using assessment criteria developed by OSPAR and ICES. Organic contaminant concentrations, PAHs, PCBs and PBDEs in sediment, and PCBs and PBDEs in fish liver, were significantly higher in the Clyde compared to all other sea areas. This is mainly due to historic industrial inputs. Highest PCB and PAH concentrations were found in the strata furthest up the Clyde estuary, with concentrations of POPs in these strata being at levels such that there is an unacceptable risk of chronic effects occurring in marine species. Furthermore, for PAHs in Clyde sediment there was a significant negative gradient going from north to south towards the open sea. PAH and PCB concentrations in sediment and biota in all other Scottish sea areas (except for PCBs in sediment from East Scotland) were unlikely to give rise to pollution effects, being below relevant assessment criteria. Although no assessment criteria are available for PBDEs, the concentrations observed in Scottish sediments were low with all congeners below the limit of detection (LoD; 0.03 µg kg(-1) dry weight) in 140 out of a total of 307 samples analysed. Where PBDEs were detected, the dominant congeners were BDE47 and BDE99. PBDEs were detected in fish livers, although concentrations were less than 150 µg kg(-1) lipid weight in all sea areas except the Clyde where concentrations ranged between 8.9 and 2202 µg kg(-1) lipid weight. Few trends were detected in contaminant concentrations in biota or sediment at any Scottish site with more than five years data. Downward trends were detected in PAHs in sediment from the Clyde, Irish Sea and Minches and Malin Sea and PCBs in fish liver from the Moray Firth. Rules were developed for the aggregation of the contaminant data across a sea area. An overall assessment for each sea area was then assigned, looking at the frequency of sites or strata within each sea area that were above or below the relevant assessment criteria. Overall the status of the various sea areas, with respect to the assessed POPs, can be considered to be acceptable in that they were below concentrations likely to result in chronic effects for all sea areas except the Clyde.
对苏格兰周边沉积物和生物群（鱼肝）中持久性有机污染物（POPs）的浓度进行了测定，其中包括多环芳烃（PAHs）、多氯联苯（PCBs）和多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）。使用由奥斯巴委员会（OSPAR）和国际海洋考察理事会（ICES）制定的评估标准对这些浓度进行了研究。与所有其他海域相比，克莱德河（Clyde）沉积物中的有机污染物浓度、PAHs、PCBs和PBDEs以及鱼肝中的PCBs和PBDEs显著更高。这主要归因于历史上的工业排放。在克莱德河河口最上游的地层中发现了最高的PCB和PAH浓度，这些地层中的POPs浓度处于这样的水平，即海洋物种存在发生慢性影响的不可接受风险。此外，对于克莱德河沉积物中的PAHs，从北向南朝向公海存在显著的负梯度。在所有其他苏格兰海域（东苏格兰沉积物中的PCBs除外）的沉积物和生物群中的PAH和PCB浓度不太可能产生污染影响，均低于相关评估标准。虽然没有针对PBDEs的评估标准，但在分析的总共307个样本中，有140个样本中苏格兰沉积物中观察到的PBDEs浓度较低，所有同系物均低于检测限（LoD；0.03 µg kg⁻¹干重）。在检测到PBDEs的地方，主要同系物是BDE47和BDE99。在鱼肝中检测到了PBDEs，不过除克莱德河外，所有海域的浓度均低于150 µg kg⁻¹脂重，在克莱德河浓度范围为8.9至2202 µg kg⁻¹脂重。在任何有超过五年数据的苏格兰地点，生物群或沉积物中的污染物浓度几乎没有检测到趋势。在克莱德河、爱尔兰海以及明奇和马林海沉积物中的PAHs以及在莫雷湾（Moray Firth）鱼肝中的PCBs检测到了下降趋势。制定了跨海域汇总污染物数据的规则。然后针对每个海域进行了总体评估，查看每个海域内高于或低于相关评估标准的地点或地层的频率。总体而言，就评估的POPs而言，除克莱德河外，各个海域的状况可以被认为是可接受的，因为它们低于可能导致慢性影响的浓度。
