Newman John D
Laboratory of Comparative Ethology, NICHD, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Poolesville, MD 20837, USA.
Physiol Behav. 2003 Aug;79(3):495-502. doi: 10.1016/s0031-9384(03)00155-0.
This paper tests the 'fit' between Paul MacLean's triune brain scheme of brain organization and existing knowledge about the pathways mediating vocal communication in mammals. One component of MacLean's limbic system ('paleomammalian brain'), the 'thalamocingulate circuit,' is found to have an important role in expression of vocalizations, particularly the 'isolation call' (such as are given by mammalian infants when distressed or separated from their caregivers). Recent evidence suggests that this circuit may also have a role in perception of infant cries in humans. Outside of this circuit, the triune brain model has little to offer in the way of insights into how the brain is organized to mediate vocal communication. There is little evidence that the striatal complex ('R-complex' or 'protoreptilian formation') is involved in any major way in vocal communication, although it appears to be involved in some visual displays in both reptiles and nonhuman primates. Interestingly, components of the reptilian brain may be involved in human speech production, and avian homologues involved in birdsong. The neocortex ('neomammalian formation') has well-known importance in speech production and perception, but little evidence exists for a role in vocal production in nonhuman mammals. However, cortical mechanisms do play a role in perception of vocalizations, at least in nonhuman primates. It is concluded that a set of neural structures termed the 'communication brain' mediate vocal communication in mammals, and that this model does not fit well into the triune brain scheme of brain organization.
本文检验了保罗·麦克林的大脑组织三位一体脑模型与哺乳动物中调节发声交流的通路的现有知识之间的“契合度”。麦克林边缘系统的一个组成部分（“古哺乳动物脑”），即“丘脑扣带回回路”，被发现对发声表达具有重要作用，尤其是“隔离呼叫”（例如哺乳动物幼崽在痛苦或与照顾者分离时发出的叫声）。最近的证据表明，该回路可能在人类对婴儿哭声的感知中也发挥作用。在这个回路之外，三位一体脑模型对于大脑如何组织以调节发声交流几乎没有提供有价值的见解。几乎没有证据表明纹状体复合体（“R复合体”或“原爬行类结构”）在发声交流中发挥任何主要作用，尽管它似乎在爬行动物和非人类灵长类动物的一些视觉展示中起作用。有趣的是，爬行脑的组成部分可能参与人类的言语产生，而鸟类大脑中参与鸟鸣的同源物也有类似情况。新皮层（“新哺乳动物结构”）在言语产生和感知中具有众所周知的重要性，但几乎没有证据表明它在非人类哺乳动物的发声产生中起作用。然而，皮层机制至少在非人类灵长类动物中确实在发声感知中发挥作用。得出的结论是，一组被称为“交流脑”的神经结构调节哺乳动物的发声交流，并且该模型与大脑组织的三位一体脑模型不太契合。
