Fragu Philippe
Bull Hist Med. 2003 Summer;77(2):393-414. doi: 10.1353/bhm.2003.0063.
This microhistory analyzes the transformation of French medical practice after World War II. Before the 1940s, coordinated clinical and experimental studies on a patient with thyroid disease were nonexistent. Starting in 1945, thyroid endocrinology was pushed forward by the use of radioiodine, which led pediatricians to rethink the hereditary transmission of thyroid diseases, stimulated by the school of biochemistry headed by Jean Roche, who participated in the elucidation of thyroid-hormone metabolism. Roche knew how to listen to hospital clinicians, who, in return, gave him free access to patients to conduct investigations on thyroid metabolism. Radioiodine proved to be sufficiently flexible to respond to the respective information needs of clinicians and biochemists, and was also responsible for the profound transformation of scientific reasoning: the chemical framework that had dominated thyroid studies since the discovery of thyroid iodine (1896) was replaced by the hormone paradigm.
这部微观史分析了二战后法国医学实践的转变。在20世纪40年代之前，不存在针对甲状腺疾病患者的协调一致的临床和实验研究。从1945年开始，放射性碘的使用推动了甲状腺内分泌学的发展，这促使儿科医生重新思考甲状腺疾病的遗传传递，这一思考受到了让·罗什领导的生物化学学派的刺激，让·罗什参与了甲状腺激素代谢的阐明工作。罗什知道如何倾听医院临床医生的意见，作为回报，临床医生让他能够自由接触患者以进行甲状腺代谢研究。事实证明，放射性碘具有足够的灵活性，能够满足临床医生和生物化学家各自的信息需求，并且还导致了科学推理的深刻转变：自1896年发现甲状腺碘以来一直主导甲状腺研究的化学框架被激素范式所取代。
