Gheorghişan-Gălăţeanu A
Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania.
Rom J Morphol Embryol. 1992 Jul-Dec;38(1-2):25-8.
The comparative study of the thyroidian cell in Graves' disease and of the normal human thyroidian cell allows interesting findings about the changes of the thyroidian tissue in abnormal conditions. Histologically in Graves' disease appears a diffuse and general hyperplasic and hypertrophic process, affecting all the component parts of the thyroid cell. The thyroid cell appears to be high, columnar, with a retained nucleus/cytoplasm ratio. The cellular apical pole is covered by a thin plasmatic membrane with many microvilli. The cytoplasm has a foamy, distended aspect, established by the general hypertrophic and hyperplasic process of the cell constituents, respecting the normal arrangement of the normal cell. In electron microscopic images mitochondrias look like round and very distended formations with evident christae and a twofold membrane. The vesicles of rough endoplasmic reticulum are very closed to the mitochondrias and the Golgi apparatus represented by vesicles and bags and are situated around the nucleus. The secretion granules are abundant at the apical pole, the vesicular bodies are bigger and very numerous the nucleus has big amounts of euchromatin. This aspect is very similar to the exagerated function of the thyroid cell in Graves' disease.
对格雷夫斯病患者甲状腺细胞与正常人类甲状腺细胞进行比较研究，能得出有关甲状腺组织在异常情况下变化的有趣发现。从组织学上看，格雷夫斯病呈现出弥漫性、全身性的增生和肥大过程，影响甲状腺细胞的所有组成部分。甲状腺细胞呈高柱状，核质比保持正常。细胞顶端极被一层带有许多微绒毛的薄质膜覆盖。细胞质呈泡沫状、肿胀，这是由细胞成分的普遍肥大和增生过程形成的，仍遵循正常细胞的正常排列。在电子显微镜图像中，线粒体看起来像圆形且非常肿胀的结构，有明显的嵴和双层膜。粗面内质网的囊泡与线粒体以及由囊泡和液泡代表的高尔基体非常靠近，且位于细胞核周围。分泌颗粒在顶端极丰富，泡状体更大且数量众多，细胞核有大量常染色质。这种情况与格雷夫斯病中甲状腺细胞功能亢进非常相似。
