Argyle J
Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Durham, UK.
Ann Hum Biol. 2003 Sep-Oct;30(5):499-519. doi: 10.1080/0301446032000112698.
One of the purposes of monitoring a child's weight or height is to detect growth faltering. In infancy the focus is on monitoring weight gain, primarily for detecting infants at risk of failure-to-thrive. In childhood, this switches to height gain, e.g. the response of a child that is growth hormone deficient to treatment with growth hormone. Cross-sectional charts provide no guidance in a longitudinal context. If we note the current weight or height of a child, but want to say something about a child's growth since the last weight and height measurement, we need to use a velocity/increment reference or take a conditional approach to the problem. Here we focus on growth faltering and review the mathematical approaches to this problem. Discussion will concentrate on the relative merits of the following approaches: velocity references and increment charts or tables; conditional gain Z-scores;infancy weight-monitoring charts and longitudinal growth norms implemented in the growth package LGROW; tracking indices and distance charts and centile crossing. Overall conditional gain Z-scores provide the most flexible means of assessing growth patterns.
监测儿童体重或身高的目的之一是检测生长发育迟缓。在婴儿期，重点是监测体重增加，主要是为了检测有发育不良风险的婴儿。在儿童期，重点则转向身高增长，例如生长激素缺乏的儿童对生长激素治疗的反应。横断面图表在纵向背景下无法提供指导。如果我们记录了儿童当前的体重或身高，但想说明自上次测量体重和身高以来儿童的生长情况，我们需要使用速度/增量参考或采用有条件的方法来解决这个问题。在这里，我们关注生长发育迟缓，并回顾解决这个问题的数学方法。讨论将集中在以下方法的相对优点上：速度参考和增量图表或表格；有条件增益Z分数；婴儿体重监测图表以及生长软件包LGROW中实施的纵向生长标准；追踪指数、距离图表和百分位数交叉。总体而言，有条件增益Z分数提供了评估生长模式最灵活的方法。
