Lin M S, Hwang J J, Chong I W, Wang T H, Huang M S, Tsai M S, Chen K L
Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi. 1992 Oct;8(10):525-34.
Sonographic characteristics of various chest diseases in 154 cases were analysed according to margin of the lesion, internal echogenecity, posterior echo enhancement, air bronchogram etc. We intended to present the basic sonographic patterns of common chest diseases. The study included 10 normal cases, 10 cases with lung abscesses, 31 cases of pneumonia, 24 cases of tumors, 11 cases of obstructive atelectasis, 8 cases of pleuropericarcadial effusions, 10 cases of minimal effusions, 6 cases with pleural thickening, 32 cases of massive pleural effusion with simple compression atelectasis and 12 cases of pneumonia with parapneumonic effusion. Sonographically, normal lung showed hyperechoic zone beneath the chest wall. Identification of arc or ring-shaped wall favored lung abscess. Air bronchogram could only be found in pneumonia. Mass showed various internal echogenecity. The internal echogenecity in obstructive atelectasis was very homogeneous which could not be found in tumor. Pleural thickening showed linear hyperechogenecity beneath the chest wall. In minimal effusion, the line of the diaphragm could be easily identified. Pleuropericardial effusion could be easily diagnosed by chest sonography. The line of the pericarcadium could be clearly identified. The internal echogenecity of massive effusion were various. The internal echogenecity of simple compression atelectasis showed very homogeneous hyperdense internal echogenecity. The internal echogenecity of lung parenchyma in pneumonia with parapneumonic effusion was similar to that of pneumonia. Obstructive atelectasis, mass, consolidation and encapsulated effusion could be differentiated by chest sonography without much difficulty. Sonography could aid chest radiography by giving more morphologic information and was cheaper than computed tomography.
根据病变边缘、内部回声、后方回声增强、空气支气管征等，分析了154例各种胸部疾病的超声特征。我们旨在呈现常见胸部疾病的基本超声图像模式。该研究包括10例正常病例、10例肺脓肿、31例肺炎、24例肿瘤、11例阻塞性肺不张、8例胸膜心包腔积液、10例少量积液、6例胸膜增厚、32例大量胸腔积液伴单纯压迫性肺不张以及12例肺炎旁胸腔积液。超声检查时，正常肺在胸壁下方显示为高回声区。弧形或环形壁的存在有助于肺脓肿的诊断。空气支气管征仅在肺炎中可见。肿块表现出各种内部回声。阻塞性肺不张的内部回声非常均匀，这在肿瘤中未见。胸膜增厚在胸壁下方显示为线状高回声。在少量积液时，膈线可容易地识别。胸膜心包腔积液可通过胸部超声容易地诊断，心包线可清晰识别。大量积液的内部回声各不相同。单纯压迫性肺不张的内部回声显示为非常均匀的高密度内部回声。肺炎旁胸腔积液时肺实质的内部回声与肺炎相似。阻塞性肺不张、肿块、实变和包裹性积液可通过胸部超声较容易地区分。超声检查可通过提供更多形态学信息辅助胸部X线检查，且比计算机断层扫描便宜。
