Tenaillon A, Perrin-Gachadoat D, Conan J
Service de réanimation, hôpital Louise-Michel, Courcouronnes.
Rev Prat. 1992 Dec 1;42(19):2405-9.
Life-threatening acute attacks constitute the major complication of asthma. These attacks develop progressively or abruptly, within minutes. They are responsible for a mortality rate which in France has been estimated at 3 in 100,000 inhabitants. Most of the deaths occur before any medical assistance is given. Such deaths in serious attacks are caused by bronchial obstruction and not by possible cardiovascular complications. Since inflammation of the bronchi is now thought to be the primum movens of these near-fatal to fatal attacks, nothing but an early and prolonged anti-inflammatory treatment can prevent them. Because no precise profile of subjects at risk can be drawn, it is necessary to supervise with the utmost attention all patients who suffer from attacks of acute asthma which, unless proven otherwise, should be regarded as potentially serious: signs of severity must be systematically looked for, and strict therapeutic and monitoring measures must be taken.
危及生命的急性发作是哮喘的主要并发症。这些发作在数分钟内逐渐或突然出现。它们导致的死亡率在法国估计为每10万居民中有3人死亡。大多数死亡发生在获得任何医疗救助之前。严重发作中的此类死亡是由支气管阻塞引起的，而非可能的心血管并发症。由于现在认为支气管炎症是这些近乎致命至致命发作的首要动因，只有早期且长期的抗炎治疗才能预防它们。因为无法描绘出确切的高危人群特征，所以必须极其密切地监测所有患有急性哮喘发作的患者，除非另有证明，否则应将这些发作视为潜在严重发作：必须系统地寻找严重程度的迹象，并采取严格的治疗和监测措施。
