Suddendorf Thomas, Busby Janie
Early Cognitive Development Unit, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, 4072, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Trends Cogn Sci. 2003 Sep;7(9):391-396. doi: 10.1016/s1364-6613(03)00187-6.
Are humans alone in their ability to reminisce about the past and imagine the future? Recent evidence suggests that food-storing birds (scrub jays) have access to information about what they have stored where and when. This has raised the possibility of mental time travel (MTT) in animals and sparked similar research with other species. Here we caution that such data do not provide convincing evidence for MTT. Examination of characteristics of human MTT (e.g. non-verbal declaration, generativity, developmental prerequisites) points to other avenues as to how a case for animal MTT could be made. In light of the current lack of evidence, however, we maintain that MTT is a uniquely human characteristic.
只有人类具备回忆过去和想象未来的能力吗?最近的证据表明,储存食物的鸟类(灌丛鸦)能够获取有关它们在何时何地储存了什么的信息。这引发了动物具有心理时间旅行(MTT)的可能性,并激发了对其他物种的类似研究。在此我们提醒,此类数据并未为心理时间旅行提供令人信服的证据。对人类心理时间旅行特征(如非语言表述、生成性、发展前提条件)的研究指出了证明动物心理时间旅行的其他途径。然而,鉴于目前缺乏证据,我们坚持认为心理时间旅行是人类独有的特征。