Effects of dietary protein and energy concentrations on performance and carcase characteristics of chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) raised in captivity.
作者信息
Ozek K, Yazgan O, Bahtiyarca Y
机构信息
Meteoroloji Bölge Müdürlüğü, Meram Yeniyol Uzeri, Konya, Turkey.
This study was conducted to determine the effects of starter and grower diets with differing crude protein (CP) and metabolisable energy (ME) concentrations on the body weight (BW), live weight gain (LWG), feed consumption (FC), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and carcase, breast+back, rump, wing, neck and abdominal fat weights of chukar partridge raised in captivity. 2. Chukar partridges were fed on starter diets containing 4 concentrations of CP (160, 200, 240, 280 g/kg) and 4 concentrations of ME (10.9, 11.7, 12.6, 13.4 MJ/kg) from hatch to 8 weeks of age; they were fed on grower diets containing 4 concentrations of CP (150, 175, 200, 225 g/kg) and 4 concentrations of ME (11.9, 12.6, 13.2, 13.8 MJ/kg) from 9 to 16 weeks of age. All diets contained at least 5.5 g/kg methionine, 15 g/kg lysine and 10 g/kg methionine+cystine. Sixteen starter and 16 grower diets were arranged in a 4 x 4 factorial design with 4 levels of CP and 4 levels of ME. Each treatment was replicated three times with each replicate consisting of 5 males and 5 females. 3. Partridges fed on a starter diet containing 160 g CP/kg were significantly lighter at 8 weeks of age than those in groups given diets containing a higher CP. However, at 16 weeks of age, the differences in BW among treatments had disappeared. Throughout, there were no significant effects of ME concentration on BW and LWG. 4. The daily mean FC for the 0 to 8 week and 0 to 16 week periods was not affected by dietary CP concentration. For the 9 to 16 week period, the partridges fed on a grower diet containing 225 g CP/kg consumed more feed than those given a diet containing 175 g CP/kg. 5. The highest FCR for the 0 to 8 week period was in partridges fed on a starter diet containing 160 g CP/kg. For the 9 to 16 week period, the lowest FCR was in partridges fed on a grower diet containing 150 g CP/kg. For the 0 to 16 week period, there was not a significant effect of dietary CP concentration on FCR. The daily mean FC and the FCR for the 0 to 8, 9 to 16 and 0 to 16 week periods decreased when the ME concentration of the starter and grower diets increased. 6. The carcase, rump and breast+back weights of the male partridges increased when the ME content of the diets increased. Weights of all carcase components of the male partridges were significantly greater than those of the carcase components of the females. 7. There were no significant interactions between CP and ME concentrations on BW, LWG, FC, FCR and carcase characteristics. 8. We conclude that the starter diet for chukar partridges raised for meat production should contain at least 200 g CP/kg, 11.7 MJ ME/kg, and the grower diet should contain 150 g CP/kg, 12.6 MJ ME/kg.
摘要
本研究旨在确定不同粗蛋白（CP）和代谢能（ME）浓度的育雏期和育成期日粮对圈养石鸡的体重（BW）、活体增重（LWG）、采食量（FC）、饲料转化率（FCR）以及胴体、胸+背、臀部、翅膀、颈部和腹部脂肪重量的影响。2. 石鸡从出壳到8周龄饲喂含有4种CP浓度（160、200、240、280 g/kg）和4种ME浓度（10.9、11.7、12.6、13.4 MJ/kg）的育雏期日粮；从9周龄到16周龄饲喂含有4种CP浓度（150、175、200、225 g/kg）和4种ME浓度（11.9、12.6、13.2、13.8 MJ/kg）的育成期日粮。所有日粮至少含有5.5 g/kg蛋氨酸、15 g/kg赖氨酸和10 g/kg蛋氨酸+胱氨酸。16种育雏期日粮和16种育成期日粮采用4×4析因设计，CP有4个水平，ME有4个水平。每个处理重复3次，每个重复由5只雄性和5只雌性组成。3. 饲喂含160 g CP/kg育雏期日粮的石鸡在8周龄时显著轻于饲喂较高CP日粮组的石鸡。然而，在16周龄时，各处理间的体重差异消失。总体而言，ME浓度对体重和活体增重没有显著影响。4. 0至8周龄和0至16周龄期间的日均采食量不受日粮CP浓度的影响。在9至16周龄期间，饲喂含225 g CP/kg育成期日粮的石鸡比饲喂含175 g CP/kg日粮的石鸡采食量更多。5. 0至8周龄期间最高的饲料转化率出现在饲喂含160 g CP/kg育雏期日粮的石鸡中。在9至16周龄期间，最低的饲料转化率出现在饲喂含150 g CP/kg育成期日粮的石鸡中。在0至16周龄期间，日粮CP浓度对饲料转化率没有显著影响。当育雏期和育成期日粮的ME浓度增加时，0至8周龄、9至16周龄和0至16周龄期间的日均采食量和饲料转化率降低。6. 当日粮的ME含量增加时，雄性石鸡的胴体、臀部和胸+背重量增加。雄性石鸡所有胴体部分的重量显著大于雌性石鸡胴体部分的重量。7. CP和ME浓度之间在体重、活体增重、采食量、饲料转化率和胴体特征方面没有显著交互作用。8. 我们得出结论，用于肉用生产的圈养石鸡育雏期日粮应至少含有200 g CP/kg、11.7 MJ ME/kg，育成期日粮应含有150 g CP/kg、12.6 MJ ME/kg。
