LeBlanc Linda A, Goldsmith Tina, Patel Dilip R
Department of Psychology, Western Michigan University, 1903 West Michigan Avenue, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5052, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2003 Aug;50(4):859-78. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(03)00072-5.
Despite the detail that is provided on the potential negative outcomes of children and families who have chronic illnesses, most of these families show admirable resilience. Most children adjust to their illnesses within 1 year and most families achieve healthy stable functioning with accommodations for the illness. The challenge of adjusting to a chronic illness can provide an excellent opportunity for a child or adolescent to master crucial skills, such as emotion regulation and problem-solving. Mastery of these skills can engender strong self-esteem and confidence. As our knowledge about the predictive factors for positive behavioral outcomes increases, the pediatrician can be in the position to minimize the negative behavioral aspects of chronic illness and facilitate adjustment. Attention to the behavioral aspects of chronic illness in the three critical areas of psychosocial adjustment of the patient, adjustment of the family, and adherence to regimens, allows pediatricians to play a crucial role in prevention, early identification, and early interventions. We hope that the material that is included in this review provides a starting point for clinicians to understand and to begin to assess these critical factors in chronic illness in children and adolescents.
尽管有关于患有慢性病的儿童和家庭潜在负面结果的详细信息，但这些家庭中的大多数都表现出令人钦佩的适应力。大多数儿童在1年内适应了他们的疾病，并且大多数家庭通过对疾病的调适实现了健康稳定的功能。适应慢性病的挑战可以为儿童或青少年掌握关键技能，如情绪调节和解决问题，提供绝佳机会。掌握这些技能可以产生强烈的自尊和自信。随着我们对积极行为结果预测因素的了解增加，儿科医生能够将慢性病的负面行为影响降至最低，并促进适应过程。关注患者心理社会调适、家庭调适和治疗方案依从性这三个关键领域中慢性病的行为方面，使儿科医生能够在预防、早期识别和早期干预中发挥关键作用。我们希望本综述中包含的材料为临床医生了解并开始评估儿童和青少年慢性病中的这些关键因素提供一个起点。
