Zavadovskiĭ A F, Vavakin Iu N, Korotaev M M
Aviakosm Ekolog Med. 1992 Jul-Aug;26(4):40-3.
The development of the methods to maintain good health and high performance and occupational longevity of cosmonauts is an urgent problem. For this end, an effect of periodic (1-2 times a year) training in mid-lands on working and functional capacities of cosmonauts being members of cosmonauts corps for extended periods of time (20 years) was studied; the results of 40 trainings in mid-lands at 1,600 to 2,400 m above sea level are summarized. Before, during and after training, the physiological and physical parameters of the body (BP after Korotkoff, HR, VO2max) during exercise bicycle ergometer tests as well as the time of running on treadmill at a rate of 4.5 m/s to failure have been examined. The experimental findings indicated that after terminating physical training in mid-lands the major group of test subjects exhibited a significant decrease in HR as compared to the control value. During acclimatization, the arterial pressure (systolic and diastolic) measured when exercising on bicycle ergometer at 600 and 1000 kgm/min also reduced. As a result of improving the measured parameters after acclimatization to mountain environments the total body tolerance increased. A cumulative effect of the regular stay in mid-lands appears to change VO2max which did not decrease in man with age and the performance value (after i.v. Aulik classification) in the 40-49 age group subjects became very high.
开发能保持宇航员身体健康、高性能工作及延长职业寿命的方法是一个紧迫问题。为此，研究了在中部地区进行周期性（每年1 - 2次）训练对长期（20年）作为宇航员队伍成员的宇航员工作和功能能力的影响；总结了在海拔1600至2400米的中部地区进行40次训练的结果。在训练前、训练期间和训练后，对运动自行车测力计测试时身体的生理和物理参数（柯氏音后血压、心率、最大摄氧量）以及在跑步机上以4.5米/秒的速度跑至力竭的时间进行了检测。实验结果表明，在中部地区结束体能训练后，主要受试组的心率与对照值相比显著降低。在适应过程中，在自行车测力计上以600和1000千克米/分钟的速度运动时测得的动脉压（收缩压和舒张压）也降低了。由于适应山地环境后测量参数得到改善，身体的总体耐受性提高。在中部地区定期停留似乎产生了累积效应，改变了最大摄氧量，且其在男性中不会随年龄增长而下降，40 - 49岁年龄组受试者的性能值（按照奥ulik静脉注射分类法）变得非常高。
