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在确定护理资源的适当使用时,准确感知和明智判断的必要性:倾听患者的声音。

The need for accurate perception and informed judgement in determining the appropriate use of the nursing resource: hearing the patient's voice.

作者信息

Niven C A, Scott P A

机构信息

Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK.

出版信息

Nurs Philos. 2003 Oct;4(3):201-10. doi: 10.1046/j.1466-769x.2003.00143.x.

Abstract

From the perspectives of both an espoused core underlying value of nursing, and of public policy, the patient's voice should be central to our understanding of patient/client need, appropriate care and intervention. However, accessing and hearing the patient's voice is fraught with difficulty. Edwards (2001) reminds us that our raison d'être as nurses is human vulnerability; a vulnerability sometimes brought into sharp focus because of illness or disease. However, when people are at their most vulnerable, they are often least able to identify, or indeed to express, their need - beyond the completely obvious. This paper provides a short descriptive record of one patient's experience of nursing care. This description is placed within the context of moral arguments about the nature of nursing and the impact this may have on decision-making regarding the appropriate distribution of nursing time. One of our most acute deficits in knowledge, regarding nursing in the UK and Ireland, is a lack of knowledge of the day-to-day activities judgements, decisions and interventions of staff nurses at the sharp edge of patient care delivery. We also have little understanding of how, or indeed whether, staff nurses identify or articulate these activities, judgements, decisions and interventions as having a moral dimension that is rooted in respect for the needs and perceptions of the individual patient. Recent empirical work suggests that a substantial proportion of nursing time is spent in prioritizing and delegating care. We have little idea of the impact of prioritization and delegation on the quality of patient care, as perceived by the recipients of that care, our patients. It is urgent that these deficits in our knowledge and understanding are addressed. This is the case both from the perspective of providing high standards of patient care and from the point of view of linking perceptions of the moral dimension of nursing practice, organizational structure, manpower planning, nursing decisions and interventions, to patient outcomes.

摘要

从护理所秉持的核心潜在价值观以及公共政策的角度来看,患者的声音对于我们理解患者需求、恰当护理及干预至关重要。然而,获取并倾听患者的声音充满困难。爱德华兹(2001年)提醒我们,我们作为护士的存在理由是人类的脆弱性;这种脆弱性有时因疾病而凸显。然而,当人们处于最脆弱状态时,他们往往最难以识别甚至表达自己的需求——除了那些极其明显的需求。本文简要描述了一位患者的护理体验。这一描述置于关于护理本质的道德争论以及这可能对护理时间合理分配决策产生的影响这一背景之下。在英国和爱尔兰,我们在护理知识方面最严重的不足之一,是缺乏对一线护士日常活动、判断、决策及干预的了解。我们也几乎不明白一线护士如何,或者实际上是否,将这些活动、判断、决策及干预视为具有基于尊重个体患者需求和认知的道德层面。近期的实证研究表明,相当一部分护理时间用于确定护理优先级和进行护理任务分配。我们几乎不清楚优先级确定和任务分配对患者护理质量的影响,而患者是护理的接受者。迫切需要弥补我们在知识和理解方面的这些不足。这既是为了提供高标准的患者护理,也是为了将护理实践的道德层面认知、组织结构、人力规划、护理决策及干预与患者结局联系起来。

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