MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003 Sep 12;52(36):866-8.
On November 7, 2002, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the OraQuick Rapid HIV-1 Antibody Test (OraSure Technologies, Inc., Bethlehem, Pennsylvania). Rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing during labor and delivery allows pregnant women who were not tested previously during pregnancy to be tested and, if HIV-infected, to begin antiretroviral therapy immediately to prevent perinatal transmission. To evaluate whether point-of-care rapid HIV testing during labor and delivery expedites the diagnosis of HIV infection in pregnant women, CDC assessed turnaround testing times at three hospitals in Chicago, Illinois, in which obstetric staff performed rapid tests on whole blood specimens at point of care, and at a fourth hospital in which testing was performed in the hospital laboratory. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicate that point-of-care rapid testing provided HIV test results faster than laboratory testing, resulting in prompt administration of intrapartum and neonatal antiretroviral prophylaxis. Hospitals should assess the costs and benefits of implementing point-of-care HIV testing within their institutions.
2002年11月7日，美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准了奥拉克快检HIV-1抗体检测法（奥拉克检测技术公司，宾夕法尼亚州伯利恒）。分娩期间进行快速人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）检测，可让孕期未接受过检测的孕妇接受检测，若感染HIV，则可立即开始抗逆转录病毒治疗，以预防围产期传播。为评估分娩期间即时检测快速HIV检测是否能加快孕妇HIV感染的诊断，美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）在伊利诺伊州芝加哥的三家医院评估了检测周转时间，这三家医院的产科工作人员在现场对全血标本进行快速检测，同时在第四家医院评估了在医院实验室进行检测的周转时间。本报告总结了该分析结果，结果表明即时检测快速检测比实验室检测能更快提供HIV检测结果，从而能迅速给予产时和新生儿抗逆转录病毒预防用药。医院应评估在其机构内实施即时HIV检测的成本和效益。
