Marsh Herbert W, Hau Kit-Tai
SELF Research Centre, University of Western Sydney, Bankstown Campus, Penrith, New South Wales 1797, Australia.
Am Psychol. 2003 May;58(5):364-76. doi: 10.1037/0003-066x.58.5.364.
Academically selective schools are intended to affect academic self-concept positively, but theoretical and empirical research demonstrates that the effects are negative. The big-fish-little-pond effect (BFLPE), an application of social comparison theory to educational settings, posits that a student will have a lower academic self-concept in an academically selective school than in a nonselective school. This study, the largest cross-cultural study of the BFLPE ever undertaken, tested theoretical predictions for nationally representative samples of approximately 4,000 15-year-olds from each of 26 countries (N = 103,558) who completed the same self-concept instrument and achievement tests. Consistent with the BFLPE, the effects of school-average achievement were negative in all 26 countries (M beta = -.20, SD = .08), demonstrating the BFLPE's cross-cultural generalizability.
学术选拔性学校旨在对学术自我概念产生积极影响，但理论和实证研究表明，其影响是负面的。大鱼小池塘效应（BFLPE）是社会比较理论在教育环境中的应用，它假定学生在学术选拔性学校中的学术自我概念会低于非选拔性学校。本研究是有史以来规模最大的关于大鱼小池塘效应的跨文化研究，针对来自26个国家的约4000名15岁青少年（N = 103,558）的具有全国代表性的样本进行了测试，这些青少年完成了相同 的自我概念量表和成绩测试。与大鱼小池塘效应一致，学校平均成绩的影响在所有26个国家都是负面的（M beta = -.20，SD = .08），证明了大鱼小池塘效应的跨文化普遍性。
