Schwartz Marlene B, Chambliss Heather O'Neal, Brownell Kelly D, Blair Steven N, Billington Charles
Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8205, USA.
Obes Res. 2003 Sep;11(9):1033-9. doi: 10.1038/oby.2003.142.
To determine the level of anti-fat bias in health professionals specializing in obesity and identify personal characteristics that correlate with both implicit and explicit bias.
The Implicit Associations Test (IAT) and a self-report questionnaire assessing explicit attitudes, personal experiences with obesity, and demographic characteristics was administered to clinicians and researchers attending the opening session of an international obesity conference (N = 389). The IAT was used to assess overall implicit weight bias (associating "obese people" and "thin people" with "good" vs. "bad") and three ranges of stereotypes: lazy-motivated, smart-stupid, and valuable-worthless. The questionnaire assessed explicit bias on the same dimensions, along with personal and professional experiences with obesity.
Health professionals exhibited a significant pro-thin, anti-fat implicit bias on the IAT. In addition, the subjects significantly endorsed the implicit stereotypes of lazy, stupid, and worthless using the IAT. Level of bias was associated with several personal characteristics. Characteristics significantly predictive of lower levels of implicit anti-fat bias include being male, older, having a positive emotional outlook on life, weighing more, having friends who are obese, and indicating an understanding of the experience of obesity.
Even professionals whose careers emphasize research or the clinical management of obesity show very strong weight bias, indicating pervasive and powerful stigma. Understanding the extent of anti-fat bias and the personal characteristics associated with it will aid in developing intervention strategies to ameliorate these damaging attitudes.
确定肥胖症专科医护人员的反胖偏见程度，并找出与内隐和外显偏见相关的个人特征。
对参加国际肥胖症会议开幕式的临床医生和研究人员（N = 389）进行了内隐联想测验（IAT）以及一份自我报告问卷，该问卷用于评估外显态度、与肥胖相关的个人经历和人口统计学特征。IAT用于评估总体内隐体重偏见（将“肥胖者”和“瘦人”与“好”与“坏”联系起来）以及三种刻板印象范围：懒惰-有动力、聪明-愚蠢、有价值-无价值。问卷在相同维度上评估外显偏见，以及与肥胖相关的个人和职业经历。
医护人员在IAT上表现出显著的亲瘦、反胖内隐偏见。此外，受试者使用IAT显著认可了懒惰、愚蠢和无价值的内隐刻板印象。偏见程度与几个个人特征相关。显著预测较低水平内隐反胖偏见的特征包括男性、年龄较大、对生活有积极的情绪展望、体重较重、有肥胖的朋友以及表示理解肥胖经历。
即使是那些职业强调肥胖症研究或临床管理的专业人员也表现出非常强烈的体重偏见，这表明存在普遍且强大的污名化现象。了解反胖偏见的程度及其相关的个人特征将有助于制定干预策略，以改善这些有害态度。
