Palinkas Lawrence A, Prussing Erica, Landsverk John, Reznik Vivian
Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0807, USA.
Ambul Pediatr. 2003 Sep-Oct;3(5):246-52. doi: 10.1367/1539-4409(2003)003<0246:ypitao>2.0.co;2.
In March, 2001, 2 separate incidents of school shootings occurred within the same school district in San Diego's East County.
To examine community explanatory models of the causes of the school shootings and strategies for preventing such events.
DESIGN/METHODS: A qualitative study was undertaken in 4 East County communities over a 6-month period following the 2 events. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 85 community residents identified through maximum variation sampling. Interview transcripts were analyzed by coding consensus, co-occurrence and comparison, using NVivo text analysis software.
Four sets of theories as to the cause of these events were identified, based on the following: 1) unique or idiosyncratic characteristics of the 2 shooters (newcomer to community who was a victim of bullying, victim of child abuse with a history of mental illness), 2) universal factors (culture of violence, violence in the media), 3) family-centered characteristics (single-parent households, dysfunctional relationships), and 4) community-specific characteristics (reputation for social intolerance, widespread access to guns). Beliefs in family-centered and community-centered theories of etiology were associated with optimism in preventing such events from occurring in the future through increased recognition and response to problem behaviors, while beliefs in idiosyncratic or universal determinants of youth violence were associated with pessimistic assessments of prevention.
In this community, youth-violence-prevention programs that focus on taking responsibility for recognizing and responding to problem behaviors in at-risk youth are more likely to gain community support and participation than programs that focus on increased security, surveillance, or behavior change.
2001年3月，圣地亚哥东县的同一个学区内发生了两起校园枪击事件。
探讨校园枪击事件原因的社区解释模型以及预防此类事件的策略。
设计/方法：在这两起事件发生后的6个月内，对东县的4个社区进行了定性研究。通过最大差异抽样确定了85名社区居民，并对其进行了半结构化访谈。使用NVivo文本分析软件，通过编码共识、共现和比较对访谈记录进行了分析。
基于以下内容确定了关于这些事件原因的四组理论：1）两名枪手的独特或特殊特征（刚搬到社区且曾受欺凌的人、有精神疾病史的受虐儿童），2）普遍因素（暴力文化、媒体中的暴力内容），3）以家庭为中心的特征（单亲家庭、功能失调的关系），以及4）社区特定特征（社会不容忍的声誉、枪支的广泛获取）。对以家庭为中心和以社区为中心的病因学理论的信念与通过增强对问题行为的认识和应对来预防此类事件在未来发生的乐观态度相关，而对青少年暴力的特殊或普遍决定因素的信念与对预防的悲观评估相关。
在这个社区中，与侧重于加强安全、监控或行为改变的项目相比，关注对高危青少年的问题行为进行识别和应对的青少年暴力预防项目更有可能获得社区的支持和参与。
